Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jan 5;25(2):237-246.
doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac050.

Vaping in a Time of Pandemics: Risk Perception and Motivations for Electronic Cigarette Use

Xiaozhao Yousef Yang  1 , Brian C Kelly  2 , Mark Pawson  2 , Michael Vuolo  3
Affiliations

Vaping in a Time of Pandemics: Risk Perception and Motivations for Electronic Cigarette Use

Xiaozhao Yousef Yang et al. Nicotine Tob Res. .

Abstract

Introduction: Prior studies on the association between the intensity of and motives for vaping e-cigarettes have highlighted the psychological dynamics of motivational changes, but less about how vaping motives may shift as a function of risk perceptions exacerbated by unanticipated events. This study frames the COVID-19 pandemic as an exacerbating threat to pulmonary health, and tests how e-cigarette users' risk perceptions of COVID-19 are related to different motives for vaping and ultimately the intensity of e-cigarette use.

Aims and methods: An online survey of e-cigarette users in the United States (n = 562) was conducted during April 2020 when much of the United States was under "lockdown" conditions. We distinguished three types of vaping motives (health, socialization, and dependence) and established the classification with confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was conducted for path analyses and mediation tests.

Results: All three vaping motives were significantly associated with greater use intensity. A heightened risk perception of e-cigarette users' vulnerability to COVID-19 was inversely associated with use intensity (-.18, p < .01) and health motives for vaping (-.27, p < .001), but not associated with socialization and dependence motivations. Health motives for vaping mediated 35% of the association between COVID-19 risk perceptions and use intensity.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that risk perceptions of exacerbated threats may reduce e-cigarette use directly, and also indirectly through shifting certain types of motivations for vaping. Beyond elucidating the relational dynamics between vaping psychology and health risks, these results also indicate health professionals may leverage the pandemic to promote nicotine cessation or reduced use.

Implication: Little is known about how vaping motives shift after unanticipated events such as pandemics. This study contributes to knowledge of how the use of e-cigarettes is motivated by different dimensions of rationales and exogenous risks. Exploiting the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found risk perceptions are associated with the intensity of e-cigarette use indirectly specifically through health motivations. Risk perceptions are not associated with socialization and dependence motives for vaping.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Conceptual pathways of perceived risk of COVID-19, e-cigarette use, and motivation.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Structural equation modeling results.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. WHO. WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking 2000-2025. (9241514175). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240039322. Accessed February 25, 2022.
    1. Kadowaki J, Vuolo M, Kelly BC. A review of the current geographic distribution of and debate surrounding electronic cigarette clean air regulations in the United States. Health Place. 2015;31:75–82. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mons U, Nagelhout GE, Allwright S, et al. Impact of national smoke-free legislation on home smoking bans: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys. Tob Control. 2013;22(e1):e2–e9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Thirlway F. Nicotine addiction as a moral problem: barriers to e-cigarette use for smoking cessation in two working-class areas in Northern England. Soc Sci Med. 2019;238:112498. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pokhrel P, Herzog TA, Muranaka N, Fagan P. Young adult e-cigarette users’ reasons for liking and not liking e-cigarettes: a qualitative study. Psychol Health. 2015;30(12):1450–1469. - PMC - PubMed