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. 2022 Feb 3:9:824464.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.824464. eCollection 2022.

Different Trends in the Incidence and Mortality Rates of Prostate Cancer Between China and the USA: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Hairong He  1   2 , Liang Liang  3 , Didi Han  2 , Fengshuo Xu  2 , Jun Lyu  1   2   4
Affiliations

Different Trends in the Incidence and Mortality Rates of Prostate Cancer Between China and the USA: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Hairong He et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Purpose: This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to determine the differences in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) between China and the USA from 1990 to 2019.

Method: The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) in China and the USA from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from GBD 2019. Annual percentage changes and relative risks of ASIR and ASDR were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis and age-period-cohort models, respectively.

Results: The ASIR of PCa in China continually increased from 1990 to 2019, while in the USA it increased from 1990 to 1994 and then continually decreased until 2015, and then slightly increased again until 2019. The ASDR in China did not change, and the trend of ASDR in the USA was similar to the trend of the ASIR in the USA. The incidence of PCa increased with age in China, but decreased after the age of 75 years in the USA. A period effect was present, with the risk of developing PCa increasing continuously over longer time periods. Those born later had a lower risk of PCa or death, indicating a cohort effect.

Conclusion: PCa is becoming more problematic for Chinese males. Disease trends in the USA indicate that large-scale screening may be beneficial and should be immediately implemented among high-risk groups in China.

Keywords: China; USA; death; incidence; prostate cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The trends of age-standard incidence rate (A) and death rate (B) of prostate cancer in global, China and America from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The the results of joinpoint regression analysis for age-standard incidence rate (A) and death rate (B) protate cancer in global, China and America from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The incidence and mortality rates of protate cancer of different age groups for China [(A) incidence rate; (C) mortality rate] and the USA [(B) incidence rate; (D) mortality rate] in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2019.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relative risks of prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in China and the USA from 1990 to 2019 due to age [(A) incidence rate; (D) mortality rate], period [(B) incidence rate; (E) mortality rate], and cohort [(C) incidence rate; (F) mortality rate] effects.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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