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. 2022 Feb;52(1):77-87.
doi: 10.5051/jpis.2100900045.

Immediate effect of Nd:YAG laser monotherapy on subgingival periodontal pathogens: a pilot clinical study

Thomas K McCawley  1 , Mark N McCawley  1 , Thomas E Rams  2   3
Affiliations

Immediate effect of Nd:YAG laser monotherapy on subgingival periodontal pathogens: a pilot clinical study

Thomas K McCawley et al. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2022 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: This pilot study assessed the immediate in vivo effect of high peak pulse power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser monotherapy on selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens in deep human periodontal pockets.

Methods: Twelve adults with severe periodontitis were treated with the Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP®) surgical protocol, wherein a free-running, digitally pulsed, Nd:YAG dental laser was used as the initial therapeutic step before mechanical root debridement. Using a flexible optical fiber in a handpiece, Nd:YAG laser energy, at a density of 196 J/cm² and a high peak pulse power of 1,333 W/pulse, was directed parallel to untreated tooth root surfaces in sequential coronal-apical passes to clinical periodontal probing depths, for a total applied energy dose of approximately 8-12 joules per millimeter of periodontal probing depth at each periodontal site. Subgingival biofilm specimens were collected from each patient before and immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy from periodontal pockets exhibiting ≥6 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing. Selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter species) were quantified in the subgingival samples using established anaerobic culture techniques.

Results: All immediate post-treatment subgingival biofilm specimens continued to yield microbial growth after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy. The mean levels of total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogens per patient significantly decreased from 12.0% pre-treatment to 4.9% (a 59.2% decrease) immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, with 3 (25%) patients rendered culture-negative for all evaluated red/orange complex periodontal pathogens.

Conclusions: High peak pulse power Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, used as the initial step in the LANAP® surgical protocol on mature subgingival biofilms, immediately induced significant reductions of nearly 60% in the mean total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogen proportions per patient prior to mechanical root instrumentation and the rest of the LANAP® surgical protocol.

Keywords: Laser therapy; Microbiology; Periodontal diseases; Periodontal pocket; Periodontitis; Surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article. Dr. Thomas K. McCawley received reimbursement for expenses related to his participation in 2010–2012 as a co-investigator on a clinical trial funded by Millennium Dental Technologies, Inc., which evaluated the LANAP® surgical protocol and other forms of surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy. Dr. Rams is certified as a LANAP® surgical protocol instructor by the Institute for Advanced Laser Dentistry, Cerritos, CA, USA, a non-profit educational/research entity affiliated with Millennium Dental Technologies, Inc. Neither Millennium Dental Technologies, Inc. nor the Institute for Advanced Laser Dentistry, had any role in the conceptualization or design of the present study; in collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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