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. 2022 Nov;27(13):2997-3012.
doi: 10.1177/13591053221076578. Epub 2022 Feb 21.

Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the fear of COVID-19 scale in three Portuguese-speaking countries

Suely Ruiz Giolo  1 , Rubia Carla Formighieri Giordani  1 , Milene Zanoni da Silva  1 , Paulo César Azevedo Dias  2 , Arune Estavela  3 , Janete Ismael Mabuie  3
Affiliations

Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the fear of COVID-19 scale in three Portuguese-speaking countries

Suely Ruiz Giolo et al. J Health Psychol. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the Portuguese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) across three countries: Brazil (South America), Mozambique (East Africa), and Portugal (Southwest Europe). A total of 8694 participants were recruited through convenience sampling (7430 Brazilians, 387 Mozambicans, and 877 Portuguese adults). The unidimensional structure of the FCV-19S fitted well with each country's data. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that the FCV-19S was partially invariant across countries and fully invariant across gender and age groups, thus providing a solid basis for cross-group comparisons. Structural invariance tests revealed different levels of fear across countries and genders but not across age groups.

Keywords: COVID-19; cross-cultural; emotional reactions; fear level; pandemics.

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