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Observational Study
. 2022 May:118:95-103.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.037. Epub 2022 Feb 19.

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection after previous infection and vaccine breakthrough infection through the second wave of pandemic in India: An observational study

Sachin Dhumal  1 , Amar Patil  2 , Ashwini More  3 , Sujeet Kamtalwar  3 , Amit Joshi  4 , Anant Gokarn  4 , Sumeet Mirgh  4 , Puneeth Thatikonda  2 , Prasanth Bhat  2 , Vedang Murthy  1 , Preeti Chavan  5 , Amey Oak  6 , Suvarna Gore  6 , Atanu Bhattacharjee  6 , Nikhil Patkar  7 , Sadhana Kannan  8 , Nitin Shetty  9 , Anjali Rawat  10 , Meera Achrekar  10 , Bhakti Trivedi  11 , Siddhartha Laskar  1 , Pankaj Chaturvedi  12 , Rajendra Badwe  13 , Navin Khattry  4 , Sudeep Gupta  14
Affiliations
Observational Study

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection after previous infection and vaccine breakthrough infection through the second wave of pandemic in India: An observational study

Sachin Dhumal et al. Int J Infect Dis. 2022 May.

Abstract

Background: There are sparse longitudinal data on SARS-CoV-2 infection after previous infection and after partial or full vaccination.

Methods: This study of a cohort of healthcare workers used Kaplan-Meier analysis with appropriate definition of events and censoring and used Cox models to assess outcomes, with data cut-off on June 18, 2021.

Results: A total of 1806 individuals with median age of 32 (18-64) years, 1483 (82.1%) with at least one vaccine dose, 1085 (60.1%) with 2 vaccine doses, 408 (22.6%) with at least one episode of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 6 (1.47%) with 2 episodes of infection were included in the analysis. At median follow-up of 38.4 weeks after first SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=408), the 52-week probability of reinfection was 2.2% (95% CI, 1.0-4.91%); and at median follow-up of 13.3 weeks after second dose, the 16-week probability of breakthrough infection was 5.6% (95% CI, 4.33-7.23%), which was significantly higher among those without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection versus with previous infection (6.4% vs 1.8%, p=0.016, adjusted Cox HR=3.49, 95% CI, 1.09-11.20, p=0.036) and females versus males (7.9% vs 3.8%, p=0.007, adjusted Cox HR=2.06, 95% CI 1.19-3.56, p=0.01).

Conclusions: There was low probability of reinfection after previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and higher vaccine breakthrough infections among females and those without previous infection.

Keywords: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine; Reinfection; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine breakthrough infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers
Figure 2:
Figure 2
Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination Figure 2A: All Workers Figure 2B: By Sex Figure 2C: By Age Figure 2A: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination Figure 2B: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination, by Sex Figure 2C: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination, by Age
Figure 2:
Figure 2
Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination Figure 2A: All Workers Figure 2B: By Sex Figure 2C: By Age Figure 2A: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination Figure 2B: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination, by Sex Figure 2C: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination, by Age
Figure 2:
Figure 2
Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination Figure 2A: All Workers Figure 2B: By Sex Figure 2C: By Age Figure 2A: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination Figure 2B: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination, by Sex Figure 2C: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers Prior to Vaccination, by Age
Figure 3:
Figure 3
Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Figure 4:
Figure 4
Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After One Vaccine Dose Figure 4A: All Workers Figure 4B: By Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Figure 4A: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers After One Vaccine Dose Figure 4B: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After One Vaccine Dose, by Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Figure 4:
Figure 4
Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After One Vaccine Dose Figure 4A: All Workers Figure 4B: By Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Figure 4A: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers After One Vaccine Dose Figure 4B: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After One Vaccine Dose, by Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Figure 5:
Figure 5
Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After Two Vaccine Doses Figure 5A: All Workers Figure 5B: By Sex Figure 5C: By Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Figure 5D: By Age Figure 5A: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among All Health Care Workers After Two Vaccine Doses Figure 5B: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After Two Vaccine Doses, by Sex Figure 5C: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After Two Vaccine Doses, by Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Figure 5D: Cumulative Probability of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers After Two Vaccine Doses, by Age
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