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. 2023 Feb;17(1):62-69.
doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1742124. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Fatigue Resistance of Cast-on Implant Abutment Fabricated with Three Different Alloys

Usanee Puengpaiboon  1 , Pavinee Padipatvuthikul Didron  1
Affiliations

Fatigue Resistance of Cast-on Implant Abutment Fabricated with Three Different Alloys

Usanee Puengpaiboon et al. Eur J Dent. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate fatigue resistance of cast-on implant abutment using three alloys.

Materials and methods: Forty specimens of implant-supported crowns were prepared; Group 1 (TA) stock titanium abutments, Group 2 (GS) abutment cast with 40% gold alloy, Group 3 (GP) abutment cast with palladium alloy, and Group 4 (CN) abutment cast with nickel-chromium alloy. Specimens were cyclic loaded at 20 Hz, starting from 200 N (5,000 cycles), followed by stepwise loading of 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, 1,600, and 1,800 N (30,000 cycles/step). Specimens were loaded until failure or reached 245,000 cycles.

Statistical analysis: The withstand cycles were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Weibull survival analysis. Fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy.

Results: The results of withstand cycles were TA (189,883 ± 22,734), GS (195,028 ± 22,371), GP (187,662 ± 22,555), and CN (200,350 ± 30,851). The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.673).

Conclusion: Although CN has higher Weibull characteristic strength which means greater durability, its lower Weibull modulus demonstrated less structural reliability. Consistent failures at implant fixture level were also found in CN group.

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Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
( A ) Implant components in Group TA. ( B ) Implant components in Groups GS, GP, and CN.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Results of survival probability using Weibull model.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Modes of failure of specimens. Top row: TA1, GS1, and GP1 showed fracture of abutment and abutment screw in Groups TA, GS, and GP, respectively. Middle row: TA2, GS2, GP2, and CN2 showed fracture of fixture and abutment screw in Groups TA, GS, GP, and CN, respectively. Bottom row: TA3, GS3, and CN3 showed fracture of abutment, abutment screw, and fixture in Groups TA, GS, and CN, respectively.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Scanning electron microscopy (×400) of internal implant surface, (B) before fatigue test; (TA) moderate wear in TA group; (GS) minimal wear in GS group; (GP) minimal wear in GP group; (CN) aggressive wear in CN group.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Scanning electron microscopy of abutment screw surfaces, ( A ) Force direction and crack growth direction from b (fatigue zone) to c (catastrophic zone). ( B ) High-magnification (×5,000) image of fatigue zone. ( C ) High-magnification (×5,000) image of catastrophic zone.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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