Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a review of current literature
- PMID: 35196861
- DOI: 10.2217/fca-2021-0045
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a review of current literature
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is systolic heart failure in a woman who is pregnant or in the early postpartum period. There are multiple theories regarding the pathophysiology of this disease, and it is suspected the true cause is a combination of these theories. Presenting symptoms are similar to that of systolic heart failure from other causes and must be carefully differentiated from normal changes that occur during pregnancy. PPCM may progress to chronic heart failure and result in various complications if not treated early. This paper offers a comprehensive review of currently accepted pathophysiologic theories, major signs and symptoms, possible complications and treatments of PPCM.
Keywords: heart failure; peripartum cardiomyopathy; pregnancy; systolic dysfunction.
Plain language summary
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a heart disorder that involves decreased blood flow from the aorta to the rest of the body. This can occur during pregnancy, or shortly thereafter. The major symptoms are shortness of breath (especially at night), severe leg swelling and persistent cough. Some of these symptoms may also be present in normal, healthy pregnancies, so it is important for the patient to inform their doctor of any personal or family history of cardiac conditions prior to or within pregnancy. There are treatments that are used to improve symptoms; however, many medications that are normally used for cardiomyopathy outside of pregnancy are dangerous for the fetus; and therefore must be avoided. While many cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy resolve spontaneously after delivery, some patients require longer and more intense treatment. Patients with a history of this heart condition should talk with their doctor before deciding to get pregnant again, as recurrence is common and potentially life threatening. It is possible to have a normal, healthy vaginal delivery even with this condition, but in severe cases a c-section may be the safest option for the patient and her child.
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