Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Feb 24;2(2):CD013563.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013563.pub2.

Interventions for the management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn - an overview of systematic reviews

Matteo Bruschettini  1   2 , Karl-Omar Hassan  3 , Olga Romantsik  1 , Rita Banzi  4 , Maria Grazia Calevo  5 , Luca Moresco  6
Affiliations

Interventions for the management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn - an overview of systematic reviews

Matteo Bruschettini et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is characterised by tachypnoea and signs of respiratory distress. It is caused by delayed clearance of lung fluid at birth. TTN typically appears within the first two hours of life in term and late preterm newborns. Although it is usually a self-limited condition, admission to a neonatal unit is frequently required for monitoring, the provision of respiratory support, and drugs administration. These interventions might reduce respiratory distress during TTN and enhance the clearance of lung liquid. The goals are reducing the effort required to breathe, improving respiratory distress, and potentially shortening the duration of tachypnoea. However, these interventions might be associated with harm in the infant.

Objectives: The aim of this overview was to evaluate the benefits and harms of different interventions used in the management of TTN.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 14 July 2021 for ongoing and published Cochrane Reviews on the management of TTN in term (> 37 weeks' gestation) or late preterm (34 to 36 weeks' gestation) infants. We included all published Cochrane Reviews assessing the following categories of interventions administered within the first 48 hours of life: beta-agonists (e.g. salbutamol and epinephrine), corticosteroids, diuretics, fluid restriction, and non-invasive respiratory support. The reviews compared the above-mentioned interventions to placebo, no treatment, or other interventions for the management of TTN. The primary outcomes of this overview were duration of tachypnoea and the need for mechanical ventilation. Two overview authors independently checked the eligibility of the reviews retrieved by the search and extracted data from the included reviews using a predefined data extraction form. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third overview author. Two overview authors independently assessed the methodological quality of the included reviews using the AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) tool. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence for effects of interventions for TTN management. As all of the included reviews reported summary of findings tables, we extracted the information already available and re-graded the certainty of evidence of the two primary outcomes to ensure a homogeneous assessment. We provided a narrative summary of the methods and results of each of the included reviews and summarised this information using tables and figures.

Main results: We included six Cochrane Reviews, corresponding to 1134 infants enrolled in 18 trials, on the management of TTN in term and late preterm infants, assessing salbutamol (seven trials), epinephrine (one trial), budesonide (one trial), diuretics (two trials), fluid restriction (four trials), and non-invasive respiratory support (three trials). The quality of the included reviews was high, with all of them fulfilling the critical domains of the AMSTAR 2. The certainty of the evidence was very low for the primary outcomes, due to the imprecision of the estimates (few, small included studies) and unclear or high risk of bias. Salbutamol may reduce the duration of tachypnoea compared to placebo (mean difference (MD) -16.83 hours, 95% confidence interval (CI) -22.42 to -11.23, 2 studies, 120 infants, low certainty evidence). We did not identify any review that compared epinephrine or corticosteroids to placebo and reported on the duration of tachypnoea. However, one review reported on "trend of normalisation of respiratory rate", a similar outcome, and found no differences between epinephrine and placebo (effect size not reported). The evidence is very uncertain regarding the effect of diuretics compared to placebo (MD -1.28 hours, 95% CI -13.0 to 10.45, 2 studies, 100 infants, very low certainty evidence). We did not identify any review that compared fluid restriction to standard fluid rates and reported on the duration of tachypnoea. The evidence is very uncertain regarding the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to free-flow oxygen therapy (MD -21.1 hours, 95% CI -22.9 to -19.3, 1 study, 64 infants, very low certainty evidence); the effect of nasal high-frequency (oscillation) ventilation (NHFV) compared to CPAP (MD -4.53 hours, 95% CI -5.64 to -3.42, 1 study, 40 infants, very low certainty evidence); and the effect of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) compared to CPAP on duration of tachypnoea (MD 4.30 hours, 95% CI -19.14 to 27.74, 1 study, 40 infants, very low certainty evidence). Regarding the need for mechanical ventilation, the evidence is very uncertain for the effect of salbutamol compared to placebo (risk ratio (RR) 0.60, 95% CI 0.13 to 2.86, risk difference (RD) 10 fewer, 95% CI 50 fewer to 30 more per 1000, 3 studies, 254 infants, very low certainty evidence); the effect of epinephrine compared to placebo (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.08 to 5.88, RD 70 fewer, 95% CI 460 fewer to 320 more per 1000, 1 study, 20 infants, very low certainty evidence); and the effect of corticosteroids compared to placebo (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.05 to 5.38, RD 40 fewer, 95% CI 170 fewer to 90 more per 1000, 1 study, 49 infants, very low certainty evidence). We did not identify a review that compared diuretics to placebo and reported on the need for mechanical ventilation. The evidence is very uncertain regarding the effect of fluid restriction compared to standard fluid administration (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.23, RD 20 fewer, 95% CI 70 fewer to 40 more per 1000, 3 studies, 242 infants, very low certainty evidence); the effect of CPAP compared to free-flow oxygen (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.01 to 6.99, RD 30 fewer, 95% CI 120 fewer to 50 more per 1000, 1 study, 64 infants, very low certainty evidence); the effect of NIPPV compared to CPAP (RR 4.00, 95% CI 0.49 to 32.72, RD 150 more, 95% CI 50 fewer to 350 more per 1000, 1 study, 40 infants, very low certainty evidence); and the effect of NHFV versus CPAP (effect not estimable, 1 study, 40 infants, very low certainty evidence). Regarding our secondary outcomes, duration of hospital stay was the only outcome reported in all of the included reviews. One trial on fluid restriction reported a lower duration of hospitalisation in the restricted-fluids group, but with very low certainty of evidence. The evidence was very uncertain for the effects on secondary outcomes for the other five reviews. Data on potential harms were scarce, as all of the trials were underpowered to detect possible increases in adverse events such as pneumothorax, arrhythmias, and electrolyte imbalances. No adverse effects were reported for salbutamol; however, this medication is known to carry a risk of tachycardia, tremor, and hypokalaemia in other settings.

Authors' conclusions: This overview summarises the evidence from six Cochrane Reviews of randomised trials regarding the effects of postnatal interventions in the management of TTN. Salbutamol may reduce the duration of tachypnoea slightly. We are uncertain as to whether salbutamol reduces the need for mechanical ventilation. We are uncertain whether epinephrine, corticosteroids, diuretics, fluid restriction, or non-invasive respiratory support reduces the duration of tachypnoea and the need for mechanical ventilation, due to the extremely limited evidence available. Data on harms were lacking.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Four overview authors are authors of several of the included reviews: MB of five reviews (Bruschettini 2020; Gupta 2021; Moresco 2016; Moresco 2020; Moresco 2021); MGC and LM of five reviews (Bruschettini 2020; Moresco 2016; Moresco 2020; Moresco 2021); and OR of two reviews (Bruschettini 2020; Moresco 2020). As prespecified in our protocol, two other overview authors (KOH and RB) carried out data extraction and quality assessment for these reviews in order to minimise intellectual bias.

MB has no other interests to declare.

KOH has no interests to declare.

OR has no other interests to declare.

RB has no interests to declare.

MGC has no other interests to declare.

LM has no other interests to declare.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

  • doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013563

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

References to included reviews

Bruschettini 2020
    1. Bruschettini M, Moresco L, Calevo MG, Romantsik O.Postnatal corticosteroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 3. Art. No: CD013222. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013222.pub2] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gupta 2021
    1. Gupta N, Bruschettini M, Chawla D.Fluid restriction in the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 2. Art. No: CD011466. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011466.pub2] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kassab 2015
    1. Kassab M, Khriesat WM, Anabrees J.Diuretics for transient tachypnoea of the newborn. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. Art. No: CD003064. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003064.pub3] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Moresco 2016
    1. Moresco L, Calevo MG, Baldi F, Cohen A, Bruschettini M.Epinephrine for transient tachypnea of the newborn. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 5. Art. No: CD011877. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011877.pub2] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Moresco 2020
    1. Moresco L, Romantsik O, Calevo MG, Bruschettini M.Non-invasive respiratory support for the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 4. Art. No: CD013231. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013231.pub2] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Moresco 2021
    1. Moresco L, Bruschettini M, Macchi M, Calevo MG.Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 2. Art. No: CD011878. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011878.pub3] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Additional references

Akbarian Rad 2018
    1. Akbarian Rad Z, Gorji Rad M, Haghshenas M.Effects of restrictive fluid management in transient tachypnea in neonates. Iranian Journal of Neonatology 2018;9(4):47-52. [DOI: 10.22038/ijn.2018.27719.1371] - DOI
Alexiou 2016
    1. Alexiou S, Panitch HB.Physiology of non-invasive respiratory support. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2016;21(3):174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2016.02.007] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Alhassen 2021
    1. Alhassen Z, Vali P, Guglani L, Lakshminrusimha S, Ryan RM.Recent advances in pathophysiology and management of transient tachypnea of newborn. Journal of Perinatology 2021;41(1):6-16. [DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-0757-3] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Armangil 2011
    1. Armangil D, Yurdakök M, Korkmaz A, Yiğit S, Tekinalp G.Inhaled beta-2 agonist salbutamol for the treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Journal of Pediatrics 2011;159(3):398-403.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.02.028] [PMID: 21481414] - DOI - PubMed
Avery 1966
    1. Avery ME, Gatewood OB, Brumley G.Transient tachypnea of newborn. Possible delayed resorption of fluid at birth. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1966;111(4):380-5. [DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1966.02090070078010] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Babaei 2019
    1. Babaei H, Dabiri S, Pirkashani LM, Mohsenpour H.Effects of salbutamol on the treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Iranian Journal of Neonatology 2019;10(1):42-9. [DOI: 10.22038/IJN.2018.31294.1430] - DOI
Barker 2002
    1. Barker PM, Olver RE.Invited review: clearance of lung liquid during the perinatal period. Journal of Applied Physiology 2002;93(4):1542-8. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2002] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Becker 1983
    1. Becker AB, Nelson NA, Simons FE.Inhaled salbutamol (albuterol) vs injected epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma in children. Journal of Pediatrics 1983;102(3):465-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80679-9] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Biddle 1979
    1. Biddle TL, Yu PN.Effect of furosemide on hemodynamics and lung water in acute pulmonary edema secondary to myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology 1979;43(1):86-90. [DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90049-3] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Bland 1978
    1. Bland RD, McMillan DD, Bressack MA.Decreased pulmonary transvascular fluid filtration in awake newborn lambs after intravenous furosemide. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1978;62(3):601-9. [DOI: 10.1172/JCI109166] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Buchiboyina 2017
    1. Buchiboyina A, Jasani B, Deshmukh M, Patole S.Strategies for managing transient tachypnoea of the newborn - a systematic review. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2017;30(13):1524-32. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1193143] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Clark 2005
    1. Clark RH.The epidemiology of respiratory failure in neonates born at an estimated gestational age of 34 weeks or more. Journal of Perinatology 2005;25(4):251-7. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211242] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Cohen 1985
    1. Cohen M, Carson BS.Respiratory morbidity benefit of awaiting onset of labor after elective cesarean section. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1985;65(6):818-24. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Cordero 1997
    1. Cordero L, Ayers LW, Davis K.Neonatal airway colonization with gram-negative bacilli: association with severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1997;16(1):18-23. [DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199701000-00005] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Dehdashtian 2014
    1. Dehdashtian M, Aramesh MR, Melekian A, Aletayeb MH, Ghaemmaghami A.Restricted versus standard maintenance fluid volume in management of transient tachypnea of newborn: a clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2014;24(5):575-80. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Dehdashtian 2018
    1. Dehdashtian M, Aletayeb M, Malakian A, Aramesh MR, Malvandi H.Clinical course in infants diagnosed with transient tachypnea of newborn: a clinical trial assessing the role of conservative versus conventional management. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 2018;81(2):183-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.06.016] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Demirel 2013
    1. Demirel G, Uras N, Celik IH, Canpolat FE, Dilmen U.Nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for transient tachypnea of newborn: a randomized, prospective study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2013;26(11):1099-102. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.766707] [13339468] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
De Paoli 2003
    1. De Paoli AG, Morley C, Davis PG.Nasal CPAP for neonates: what do we know in 2003? Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition 2003;88(3):F168-72. [DOI: 10.1136/fn.88.3.f168] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Dumas 2011
    1. Dumas De La Roque E, Bertrand C, Tandonnet O, Rebola M, Roquand E, Renesme L, et al.Nasal high frequency percussive ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in transient tachypnea of the newborn: a pilot randomized controlled trial (NCT00556738). Pediatric Pulmonology 2011;46(3):218-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21354] [13339470] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Edwards 2013
    1. Edwards MO, Kotecha SJ, Kotecha S.Respiratory distress of the term newborn infant. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2013;14(1):29-36; quiz 36-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2012.02.002] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Eghbalian 2018
    1. Eghbalian F, Sabzehei M, Emamzadeh N, Shokouhi M, Basiri B, Faradmal J, et al.Comparison of restricted fluid volume with standard fluid volume in management of transient tachypnea of the newborns: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Pediatrics 2018;6(9):8289-96. [DOI: 10.22038/ijp.2018.30462.2677] - DOI
Fischer 2015
    1. Fischer HS, Bohlin K, Buhrer C, Schmalisch G, Cremer M, Reiss I, et al.Nasal high-frequency oscillation ventilation in neonates: a survey in five European countries. European Journal of Pediatrics 2015;174(4):465-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2419-y] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Guyatt 2011
    1. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al.GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction - GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2011;64(4):383-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Hack 1976
    1. Hack M, Fanaroff AA, Klaus MH, Mendelawitz BD, Merkatz IR.Neonatal respiratory distress following elective delivery. A preventable disease? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1976;126(1):43-7. [DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(76)90462-2] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Hansen 2008
    1. Hansen AK, Wisborg K, Uldbjerg N, Henriksen TB.Risk of respiratory morbidity in term infants delivered by elective caesarean section: cohort study. BMJ 2008;336(7635):85-7. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39405.539282.BE] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hibbard 2010
    1. Hibbard JU, Wilkins I, Sun L, Gregory K, Haberman S, Hoffman M, et al.Respiratory morbidity in late preterm births. JAMA 2010;304(4):419-25. [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1015] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2019
    1. Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s).Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.0 (updated July 2019). Cochrane, 2019. Available from training.cochrane.org/handbook/archive/v6.
Irestedt 1982
    1. Irestedt L, Lagercrantz H, Hjemdahl P, Hagnevik K, Belfrage P.Fetal and maternal plasma catecholamine levels at elective cesarean section under general or epidural anesthesia versus vaginal delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1982;142(8):1004-10. [DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90783-9] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Kao 2008
    1. Kao B, Stewart de Ramirez SA, Belfort MB, Hansen A.Inhaled epinephrine for the treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Journal of Perinatology 2008;28(3):205-10. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211917] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Karabayir 2006
    1. Karabayir N, Kavuncuoglu S.Intravenous frusemide for transient tachypnoea of the newborn: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2006;42(10):640-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00942.x] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Kim 2014
    1. Kim MJ, Yoo JH, Jung JA, Byun SY.The effects of inhaled albuterol in transient tachypnea of the newborn. Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research 2014;6(2):126-30. [DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.2.126] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kumar 1996
    1. Kumar A, Bhat BV.Epidemiology of respiratory distress of newborns. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 1996;63(1):93-8. [DOI: 10.1007/BF02823875] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Lemyre 2017
    1. Lemyre B, Davis PG, De Paoli AG, Kirpalani H.Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 2. Art. No: CD003212. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003212.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Liem 2007
    1. Liem JJ, Huq SI, Ekuma O, Becker AB, Kozyrskyj AL.Transient tachypnea of the newborn may be an early clinical manifestation of wheezing symptoms. Journal of Pediatrics 2007;151(1):29-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.021] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Linsell 2016
    1. Linsell L, Malouf R, Morris J, Kurinczuk JJ, Marlow N.Prognostic factors for cerebral palsy and motor impairment in children born very preterm or very low birthweight: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2016;58(6):554-69. [DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12972] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Lundh 2017
    1. Lundh A, Lexchin J, Mintzes B, Schroll JB, Bero L.Industry sponsorship and research outcome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 2. Art. No: MR000033. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.MR000033.pub3] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Malakian 2018
    1. Malakian A, Dehdashtian M, Aramesh MR, Aletayeb MH, Heidari S.The effect of inhaled salbutamol on the outcomes of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 2018;81(11):990-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2018.01.015] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
McGillick 2017
    1. McGillick EV, Lee K, Yamaoka S, Te Pas AB, Crossley KJ, Wallace MJ, et al.Elevated airway liquid volumes at birth: a potential cause of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Journal of Applied Physiology 2017;123(5):1204-13. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00464.2017] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Miller 1980
    1. Miller LK, Calenoff L, Boehm JJ, Riedy MJ.Respiratory distress in the newborn. JAMA 1980;243(11):1176-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Mohammadzadeh 2017
    1. Mohammadzadeh I, Akbarian-Rad Z, Heidari F, Zahedpasha Y, Haghshenas-Mojaveri M.The effect of inhaled salbutamol in transient of tachypnea of the newborn: a randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2017;27(5):e9633. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.9633] - DOI
Monzoy‐Ventre 2015
    1. Monzoy-Ventre MA, Rosas-Sumano AB, Hernández-Enríquez NP, Galicia-Flores L.Inhaled salbutamol in newborn infants with transient tachypnea [Salbutamol inhalado en los niños recién nacidos con taquipnea transitoria]. Revista Mexicana de Pediatria 2015;82(1):5-9.
Morrison 1995
    1. Morrison JJ, Rennie JM, Milton PJ.Neonatal respiratory morbidity and mode of delivery at term: influence of timing of elective caesarean section. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1995;102(2):101-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09060.x] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Mussavi 2017
    1. Mussavi M, Asadollahi K, Kayvan M, Sadeghvand S.Effects of nebulized albuterol in transient tachypnea of the newborn a clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2017;27(3):e8211. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.8211] - DOI
Osman 2019
    1. Osman AM, El-Farrash RA, Mohammed EH.Early rescue Neopuff for infants with transient tachypnea of newborn: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2019;32(4):597-603. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1387531] [PMID: ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Pacifici 2013
    1. Pacifici GM.Clinical pharmacology of furosemide in neonates: a review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 2013;6(9):1094-129. [DOI: 10.3390/ph6091094] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Perkins 2006
    1. Perkins GD, McAuley DF, Thickett DR, Gao F.The Beta-Agonist Lung Injury Trial (BALTI): a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006;173(3):281-7. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200508-1302OC] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Reeves 2021
    1. Reeves BC, Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Shea B, Tugwell P, Wells GA.Chapter 24: Including non-randomized studies on intervention effects. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021. Available from training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Reuter 2014
    1. Reuter S, Moser C, Baack M.Respiratory distress in the newborn. Pediatrics in Review 2014;35(10):417-28; quiz 429. [DOI: 10.1542/pir.35-10-417] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Roberts 2017
    1. Roberts D, Brown J, Medley N, Dalziel SR.Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 3. Art. No: CD004454. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Saccone 2016
    1. Saccone G, Berghella V.Antenatal corticosteroids for maturity of term or near term fetuses: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 2016;355:i5044. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i5044] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Sakuma 1997
    1. Sakuma T, Folkesson HG, Suzuki S, Okaniwa G, Fujimura S, Matthay MA.Beta-adrenergic agonist stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in ex vivo human and rat lungs. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1997;155(2):506-12. [DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032186] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Sardar 2020
    1. Sardar S, Pal S, Mishra R.A randomized controlled trial of restricted versus standard fluid management in late preterm and term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn. Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine 2020;13(4):477-87. [DOI: 10.3233/NPM-190400] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Sartori 2002
    1. Sartori C, Allemann Y, Duplain H, Lepori M, Egli M, Lipp E, et al.Salmeterol for the prevention of high-altitude pulmonary edema. New England Journal of Medicine 2002;346(21):1631-6. [DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa013183] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Shea 2017
    1. Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, et al.AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 2017;358:j4008. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j4008] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Silverman 1956
    1. Silverman WA, Andersen DH.A controlled clinical trial of effects of water mist on obstructive respiratory signs, death rate and necropsy findings among premature infants. Pediatrics 1956;17(1):1-10. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Spino 1978
    1. Spino M, Sellers EM, Kaplan HL, Stapleton C, MacLeod SM.Adverse biochemical and clinical consequences of furosemide administration. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1978;118(12):1513-8. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Stark 2001
    1. Stark AR, Carlo WA, Tyson JE, Papile LA, Wright LL, Shankaran S, et al, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Research Network.Adverse effects of early dexamethasone treatment in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. New England Journal of Medicine 2001;344(2):95-101. [DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200101113440203] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Stroustrup 2012
    1. Stroustrup A, Trasande L, Holzman IR.Randomized controlled trial of restrictive fluid management in transient tachypnea of the newborn. Journal of Pediatrics 2012;160(1):38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.027] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Tudehope 1979
    1. Tudehope DI, Smyth MH.Is "transient tachypnoea of the newborn" always a benign disease? Report of 6 babies requiring mechanical ventilation. Australian Paediatric Journal 1979;15(3):160-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1979.tb01215.x] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Vaisbourd 2017
    1. Vaisbourd Y, Abu-Raya B, Zangen S, Arnon S, Riskin A, Shoris I, et al.Inhaled corticosteroids in transient tachypnea of the newborn: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Pediatric Pulmonology 2017;52(8):1043-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23756] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Wilkinson 2016
    1. Wilkinson D, Andersen C, O'Donnell CP, De Paoli AG, Manley BJ.High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 2. Art. No: CD006405. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006405.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wiswell 1985
    1. Wiswell TE, Rawlings MC, Smith MC, Goo ED.Effect of furosemide on the clinical course of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Pediatrics 1985;75(5):908-10. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Wood 1972
    1. Wood DW, Downes JJ, Lecks HI.A clinical scoring system for the diagnosis of respiratory failure. Preliminary report on childhood status asthmaticus. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1972;123(3):227-8. [DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110090097011] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Zielinska 2014
    1. Zielinska M, Zielinski S, Sniatkowska-Bartkowska A.Mechanical ventilation in children - problems and issues. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2014;23(5):843-8. [DOI: 10.17219/acem/37264] [PMID: ] - PubMed

References to other published versions of this review

Bruschettini 2020
    1. Bruschettini M, Hassan KO, Romantsik O, Banzi R, Calevo MG, Moresco L.Interventions for the management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn ‐ an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 3. Art. No: CD013563. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013563] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types