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. 2022 Jan 30;12(2):84.
doi: 10.3390/bios12020084.

Development of a Rapid Gold Nanoparticle Immunochromatographic Strip Based on the Nanobody for Detecting 2,4-DichloRophenoxyacetic Acid

Hui Zhou  1 , Cong He  1 , Zhenfeng Li  2 , Jingqian Huo  1 , Yu Xue  1 , Xiaotong Xu  1 , Meng Qi  1   2 , Lai Chen  1 , Bruce D Hammock  2 , Jinlin Zhang  1
Affiliations

Development of a Rapid Gold Nanoparticle Immunochromatographic Strip Based on the Nanobody for Detecting 2,4-DichloRophenoxyacetic Acid

Hui Zhou et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a systemic conductive herbicide widely used across the world. With the large-scale and continuous use of 2,4-D, its possible harm to the environment and non-target organisms has attracted increasing attention, and the construction of a stable rapid on-site detection method is particularly important. In order to achieve on-site rapid detection of 2,4-D, we developed a gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip method with the visual elimination value was 50 ng/mL, and a quantitative detection limit of 11 ng/mL based on a nanobody. By combing with the color snap, the immunochromatographic strip could quantitatively analyze the amounts of 2,4-D. Meanwhile, a colorimetric card based on the true color of the test strips was developed for the qualitative analysis of 2,4-D on-site. The samples (water, fruits and vegetables) with and without 2,4-D were detected by the immunochromatographic strips, and the results showed the accuracy and reliability. Thus, this assay is a rapid and simple on-site analytical tool to detect and quantify 2,4-D levels in environmental samples, and the analytical results can be obtained in about ten minutes. In addition, the nanobody technology used in this study provides an inexhaustible supply of a relatively stable antibodies that can be archived as a nanobody, plasmid or even its sequence.

Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; colorimetric card; gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip; nanobody.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Assembly of test strips and principles of immunochromatography.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the gold nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 20 nm (a) and 40 nm (b).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Determination of the visual detection limit of 2,4-D immunochromatographic test strip. (a) Different concentrations of 2,4-D were detected by the strips; (b) the simulated strips and “colorimetric card” based on the (a) results; (c) the calibration curve drawn based on the data of “Color Snap”.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Determination of the visual detection limit of 2,4-D immunochromatographic test strip. (a) Different concentrations of 2,4-D were detected by the strips; (b) the simulated strips and “colorimetric card” based on the (a) results; (c) the calibration curve drawn based on the data of “Color Snap”.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Stability of the immunochromatographic test strips for 1 days, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days at three temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, 37 °C).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Evaluating the effect of methanol on the test line.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of grape matrix, tomato matrix, cabbage matrix, corn matrix and river water matrix on test paper performance.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Spiked samples analysis; (a) the grapes, tomatoes and river water samples; (b) the cabbage samples; (c) the corn samples.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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