Impact of the Process Variables on the Yield of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate

Madhan Jeyaraman^{1

2

3}, Shiva Kumar Bingi^{3

4}, Sathish Muthu^{2

3

5}, Naveen Jeyaraman^{3

4

6}, Rathinavelpandian Perunchezhian Packkyarathinam⁷, Rajni Ranjan⁸, Shilpa Sharma⁹, Saurabh Kumar Jha², Manish Khanna^{3

10}, Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran¹¹, Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran¹², Prakash Gangadaran^{12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India.
² Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
³ Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, India.
⁴ Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow 226010, India.
⁵ Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, India.
⁶ Fellow in Joint Replacement, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, India.
⁷ Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai 600002, India.
⁸ Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
⁹ Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
¹⁰ Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226401, India.
¹¹ Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, India.
¹² Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
¹³ BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.

PMID: 35200410
PMCID: PMC8869489
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020057

Review

Impact of the Process Variables on the Yield of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate

Madhan Jeyaraman et al. Bioengineering (Basel). 2022.

. 2022 Jan 29;9(2):57.

doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9020057.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India.
² Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
³ Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, India.
⁴ Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow 226010, India.
⁵ Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, India.
⁶ Fellow in Joint Replacement, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, India.
⁷ Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai 600002, India.
⁸ Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
⁹ Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
¹⁰ Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226401, India.
¹¹ Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, India.
¹² Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
¹³ BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.

PMID: 35200410
PMCID: PMC8869489
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020057

Abstract

Human bone marrow (BM) has been highlighted as a promising source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) containing various growth factors and cytokines that can be potentially utilized in regenerative procedures involving cartilage and bone. However, the proportion of MSCs in the nucleated cell population of BM is only around 0.001% to 0.01% thereby making the harvesting and processing technique crucial for obtaining optimal results upon its use in various regenerative processes. Although several studies in the literature have given encouraging results on the utility of BM aspiration concentrate (BMAC) in various regenerative procedures, there is a lack of consensus concerning the harvesting variables such as choice of anesthetic agent to be used, site of harvest, size of the syringe to be used, anticoagulant of choice, and processing variables such as centrifugation time, and speed. In this review article, we aim to discuss the variables in the harvesting and processing technique of BMAC and their impact on the yield of MSCs in the final concentrate obtained from them.

Keywords: bone marrow; bone marrow aspirate concentrate; mesenchymal stromal cells.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Variables in the harvesting and process technique of bone marrow aspiration concentrate (BMAC).

**Figure 2**
Bone marrow aspirate concentrate preparation process.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

Sacral Bioneuromodulation: The Role of Bone Marrow Aspirate in Spinal Cord Injuries.
Lana JF, Navani A, Jeyaraman M, Santos N, Pires L, Santos GS, Rodrigues IJ, Santos D, Mosaner T, Azzini G, da Fonseca LF, de Macedo AP, Huber SC, de Moraes Ferreira Jorge D, Purita J. Lana JF, et al. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 May 6;11(5):461. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11050461. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38790327 Free PMC article. Review.
Adverse events, side effects and complications in mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies.
Baranovskii DS, Klabukov ID, Arguchinskaya NV, Yakimova AO, Kisel AA, Yatsenko EM, Ivanov SA, Shegay PV, Kaprin AD. Baranovskii DS, et al. Stem Cell Investig. 2022 Nov 8;9:7. doi: 10.21037/sci-2022-025. eCollection 2022. Stem Cell Investig. 2022. PMID: 36393919 Free PMC article. Review.
Bone marrow aspirate concentrate quality is affected by age and harvest site.
Cavallo C, Boffa A, de Girolamo L, Merli G, Kon E, Cattini L, Santo E, Grigolo B, Filardo G. Cavallo C, et al. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023 Jun;31(6):2140-2151. doi: 10.1007/s00167-022-07153-6. Epub 2022 Sep 26. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023. PMID: 36156111 Free PMC article.
Evolution and Innovations in Bone Marrow Cellular Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Tracing the Historical Trajectory and Contemporary Advances.
Lana JF, de Brito GC, Kruel A, Brito B, Santos GS, Caliari C, Salamanna F, Sartori M, Barbanti Brodano G, Costa FR, Jeyaraman M, Dallo I, Bernaldez P, Purita J, Andrade MAP, Everts PA. Lana JF, et al. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Sep 28;11(10):979. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11100979. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024. PMID: 39451354 Free PMC article. Review.
Factors Influencing the Yield of Progenitor Cells in Bone Marrow Aspiration Concentrate-A Retrospective Analysis of 58 Patients.
Muthu S, Jeyaraman M, Narula A, Ravi VR, Gandi A, Khanna M, Maffulli N, Gupta A. Muthu S, et al. Biomedicines. 2023 Mar 1;11(3):738. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11030738. Biomedicines. 2023. PMID: 36979718 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Kim G.B., Seo M.-S., Park W.T., Lee G.W. Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: Its Uses in Osteoarthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21:3224. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093224. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Martin D.R., Cox N.R., Hathcock T.L., Niemeyer G.P., Baker H.J. Isolation and Characterization of Multipotential Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Feline Bone Marrow. Exp. Hematol. 2002;30:879–886. doi: 10.1016/S0301-472X(02)00864-0. - DOI - PubMed
1. Chahla J., Dean C.S., Moatshe G., Pascual-Garrido C., Serra Cruz R., LaPrade R.F. Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate for the Treatment of Chondral Injuries and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Outcomes. Orthop. J. Sports Med. 2016;4:2325967115625481. doi: 10.1177/2325967115625481. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Muschler G.F., Nitto H., Boehm C.A., Easley K.A. Age- and Gender-Related Changes in the Cellularity of Human Bone Marrow and the Prevalence of Osteoblastic Progenitors. J. Orthop. Res. 2001;19:117–125. doi: 10.1016/S0736-0266(00)00010-3. - DOI - PubMed
1. Muschler G.F., Boehm C., Easley K. Aspiration to Obtain Osteoblast Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow: The Influence of Aspiration Volume. J. Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:1699–1709. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199711000-00012. - DOI - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Impact of the Process Variables on the Yield of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate

Affiliations

Impact of the Process Variables on the Yield of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources