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. 2022 Jan 31;14(2):109.
doi: 10.3390/toxins14020109.

Spent Coffee Grounds Valorization as Bioactive Phenolic Source Acquired Antifungal, Anti-Mycotoxigenic, and Anti-Cytotoxic Activities

Ahmed Noah Badr  1 , Marwa M El-Attar  2 , Hatem S Ali  3 , Manal F Elkhadragy  4 , Hany M Yehia  5   6 , Amr Farouk  7
Affiliations

Spent Coffee Grounds Valorization as Bioactive Phenolic Source Acquired Antifungal, Anti-Mycotoxigenic, and Anti-Cytotoxic Activities

Ahmed Noah Badr et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs), which constitute 75% of original coffee beans, represent an integral part of sustainability. Contamination by toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins is a hazard that threatens food production. This investigation aimed to examine SCGs extract as antimycotic and anti-ochratoxigenic material. The SCGs were extracted in an eco-friendly way using isopropanol. Bioactive molecules of the extract were determined using the UPLC apparatus. The cytotoxicity on liver cancer cells (Hep-G2) showed moderate activity with selectivity compared with human healthy oral epithelial (OEC) cell lines but still lower than the positive control (Cisplatin). The antibacterial properties were examined against pathogenic strains, and the antifungal was examined against toxigenic fungi using two diffusion assays. Extract potency was investigated by two simulated models, a liquid medium and a food model. The results of the extract showed 15 phenolic acids and 8 flavonoids. Rosmarinic and syringic acids were the most abundant phenolic acids, while apigenin-7-glucoside, naringin, epicatechin, and catechin were the predominant flavonoids in the SCGs extract. The results reflected the degradation efficiency of the extract against the growth of Aspergillus strains. The SCGs recorded detoxification in liquid media for aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OCA). The incubation time of the extract within dough spiked with OCA was affected up to 2 h, where cooking was not affected. Therefore, SCGs in food products could be applied to reduce the mycotoxin contamination of raw materials to the acceptable regulated limits.

Keywords: aflatoxins; anti-mycotoxigenic; antifungal; cytotoxicity; degradation; detoxification; flavonoids; phenolic acids; simulated media; spent coffee grounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Antibacterial potency determined for the SCGs isopropanol extract against pathogenic strains of bacteria.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antifungal impact determined for the SCGs isopropanol extract against toxigenic fungal strains using two assays.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Reduction in fungal growth of two toxins producing Aspergillus strains using the SCGs extract.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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