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. 2022 Feb 21;11(2):279.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11020279.

Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Abdominal Surgery for Neonates and Paediatrics: A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method Consensus Study

Sonia Bianchini  1 , Erika Rigotti  2 , Sara Monaco  1 , Laura Nicoletti  1 , Cinzia Auriti  3 , Elio Castagnola  4 , Giorgio Conti  5 , Luisa Galli  6 , Mario Giuffrè  7 , Stefania La Grutta  8 , Laura Lancella  9 , Andrea Lo Vecchio  10 , Giuseppe Maglietta  11 , Nicola Petrosillo  12 , Carlo Pietrasanta  13 , Nicola Principi  14 , Simonetta Tesoro  15 , Elisabetta Venturini  6 , Giorgio Piacentini  2 , Mario Lima  16 , Annamaria Staiano  10 , Susanna Esposito  1 , The Peri-Operative Prophylaxis In Neonatal And Paediatric Age Pop-NeoPed Study Group
Affiliations

Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Abdominal Surgery for Neonates and Paediatrics: A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method Consensus Study

Sonia Bianchini et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs), i.e., surgery-related infections that occur within 30 days after surgery without an implant and within one year if an implant is placed, complicate surgical procedures in up to 10% of cases, but an underestimation of the data is possible since about 50% of SSIs occur after the hospital discharge. Gastrointestinal surgical procedures are among the surgical procedures with the highest risk of SSIs, especially when colon surgery is considered. Data that were collected from children seem to indicate that the risk of SSIs can be higher than in adults. This consensus document describes the use of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in neonates and children that are undergoing abdominal surgery and has the purpose of providing guidance to healthcare professionals who take care of children to avoid unnecessary and dangerous use of antibiotics in these patients. The following surgical procedures were analyzed: (1) gastrointestinal endoscopy; (2) abdominal surgery with a laparoscopic or laparotomy approach; (3) small bowel surgery; (4) appendectomy; (5) abdominal wall defect correction interventions; (6) ileo-colic perforation; (7) colorectal procedures; (8) biliary tract procedures; and (9) surgery on the liver or pancreas. Thanks to the multidisciplinary contribution of experts belonging to the most important Italian scientific societies that take care of neonates and children, this document presents an invaluable reference tool for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the paediatric and neonatal populations.

Keywords: abdominal surgery; appendectomy; gastrointestinal endoscopy; liver surgery; pancreas surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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