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. 2022 Feb 14;27(4):1268.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27041268.

Carrageenan of Red Algae Eucheuma gelatinae: Extraction, Antioxidant Activity, Rheology Characteristics, and Physicochemistry Characterization

Hoang Thai Ha  1 , Dang Xuan Cuong  1   2   3 , Le Huong Thuy  4 , Pham Thanh Thuan  5 , Dang Thi Thanh Tuyen  6 , Vu Thi Mo  2   3 , Dinh Huu Dong  1
Affiliations

Carrageenan of Red Algae Eucheuma gelatinae: Extraction, Antioxidant Activity, Rheology Characteristics, and Physicochemistry Characterization

Hoang Thai Ha et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Carrageenan is an anionic sulfated polysaccharide that accounts for a high content of red seaweed Eucheuma gelatinae. This paper focused on the extraction, optimization, and evaluation of antioxidant activity, rheology characteristics, and physic-chemistry characterization of β-carrageenan from Eucheuma gelatinae. The extraction and the optimization of β-carrageenan were by the maceration-stirred method and the experimental model of Box-Behken. Antioxidant activity was evaluated to be the total antioxidant activity and reducing power activity. The rheology characteristics of carrageenan were measured to be gel strength and viscosity. Physic-chemistry characterization was determined, including the molecular weight, sugar composition, function groups, and crystal structure, through GCP, GC-FID, FTIR, and XRD. The results showed that carrageenan possessed antioxidant activity, had intrinsic viscosity and gel strength, corresponding to 263.02 cps and 487.5 g/cm2, respectively. Antioxidant carrageenan is composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose, fucose, and xylose, with two molecular weight fractions of 2.635 × 106 and 2.58 × 106 g/mol, respectively. Antioxidant carrageenan did not exist in the crystal. The optimization condition of antioxidant carrageenan extraction was done at 82.35 °C for 115.35 min with a solvent-to-algae ratio of 36.42 (v/w). At the optimization condition, the extraction efficiency of carrageenan was predicted to be 87.56 ± 5.61 (%), the total antioxidant activity and reducing power activity were predicted to 71.95 ± 5.32 (mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW) and 89.84 ± 5.84 (mg FeSO4 equivalent/g DW), respectively. Purity carrageenan content got the highest value at 42.68 ± 2.37 (%, DW). Antioxidant carrageenan from Eucheuma gelatinae is of potential use in food and pharmaceuticals.

Keywords: Box-Behken; Eucheuma gelatinae; antioxidant activity; extraction; physic-chemistry; rheology; β-carrageenan.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Response surface, overlay surface and antioxidant carrageenan: (a) Response surface of Y1; (b) Response surface of Y2; (c) Response surface of Y3; (d) Overlay surface of Y1, Y2, and Y3; (e) Carrageenan after precipitation using 96% ethanol; (f) Carrageenan after drying.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The correlation between predicted target function and actual target function: (a) Y1, (b) Y2, (c) Y3, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sugar composition of antioxidant carrageenan.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FTIR spectroscopy of antioxidant carrageenan.
Figure 5
Figure 5
GPC spectroscopy of antioxidant carrageenan.
Figure 6
Figure 6
GPC spectroscopy of antioxidant carrageenan.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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