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Review
. 2022 Feb 18;39(1):113-118.
doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1740939. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Embolic Agents: Coils

Nicholas Xiao  1 , Robert J Lewandowski  1
Affiliations
Review

Embolic Agents: Coils

Nicholas Xiao et al. Semin Intervent Radiol. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Types of coil materials and coverings. ( a ) Bare platinum coil. ( b ) Fibered helical coil with nylon covering. ( c ) Terumo Azur hydrogel-coated coil preexpansion. ( d ) Hydrogel coil after exposure to blood and expansion of hydrogel covering (∼20 minutes after deployment). (Images used with permissions from Terumo Interventional Systems.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Neointimal proliferation, thrombus formation, and vessel occlusion from coil deployment. ( a ) Gross specimen demonstrating tissue proliferation at the site of hydrogel coil deployment at ∼3 months postintervention. ( b ) Microscopy at 72 days demonstrating neointimal hyperplasia and thrombus formation (blue arrow) adjacent to hydrogel (orange arrow) and platinum coil (yellow arrow). (Images used with permissions from Terumo Interventional Systems.)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Detachable coil systems. ( a ) Boston scientific detachable interlock and IDC embolization coil via a coupling mechanism. ( b ) Fluoroscopy demonstrating interlocking coil microcatheter and deployed coils. ( c ) Terumo Azur detachable coil remote with coil detachment at push of a button. ( d ) Detachable Azur coils and deployment catheter. (Images used with permissions from Boston Scientific and Terumo Interventional Systems.)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Scaffolding technique for coil deployment. ( a ) An oversized, high radial force (arrows) coil is first deployed into the target vessel to act as a scaffold and to prevent distal coil migration. ( b ) Several softer, smaller coils can then be deployed to achieve complete vessel occlusion.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Anchoring technique for coil deployment. ( a ) A coil is first deployed partially into a side branch (arrow), as well as within the target vessel, acting as an anchor for all subsequent coils. ( b ) Several additional coils can then be densely packed to achieve complete vessel occlusion.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Off-target embolization from catheter reflux and kick-back. ( a ) Celiac artery angiography demonstrates a right gastric artery (blue arrow) arising from the proximal left hepatic artery (orange arrow). Embolization of the right gastric artery is attempted to avoid off-target delivery of radio-embolics to the stomach. ( b ) A microcatheter is used to catheterize the right gastric artery (blue arrow) arising from the left hepatic artery (orange arrow). ( c ) The microcatheter refluxes out of the target right gastric artery with deployment of the last embolization coil (yellow arrow), which appears to be within the left hepatic artery. ( d ) A snare is used to retrieve the unintentional coil deployment within the left hepatic artery. ( e ) Completion angiography demonstrating complete occlusion of the right gastric artery and appropriate contrast-related flow within the left hepatic artery.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Migration of coil pack. ( a ) Visualization of coil pack in gastroduodenal artery (arrow) pre-radioembolization of the hepatic artery distribution. ( b ) The coil pack (arrow) has migrated to the pulmonary artery.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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