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. 2022 Feb 8:1085:165-182.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1085.76853. eCollection 2022.

Integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked cryptic diversity in the conifer feeding Batrachedrapinicolella (Zeller, 1839) (Lepidoptera, Batrachedridae)

Kai Berggren  1 , Leif Aarvik  2 , Peter Huemer  3 , Kyung Min Lee  4   5 , Marko Mutanen  5
Affiliations

Integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked cryptic diversity in the conifer feeding Batrachedrapinicolella (Zeller, 1839) (Lepidoptera, Batrachedridae)

Kai Berggren et al. Zookeys. .

Abstract

During efforts to generate DNA barcodes for all European Lepidoptera, Batrachedrapinicolella (Zeller, 1839) was found to comprise two genetically distinct clusters. Morphological investigation and results from two nuclear markers and ddRAD sequencing furthermore support the existence of two distinct taxa which we treat as two separate species, B.pinicolella and B.confusella sp. nov. A lectotype for B.pinicolella is designated. Available data indicate that the biology of both species also differs, with Piceaabies (L.) Karsten as a proved host-plant for B.pinicolella and Pinussylvestris L. for B.confusella sp. nov. Both species are mainly distributed on the European continent with B.pinicolella occurring in boreal parts of North and Central Europe and introduced to Canada, reflecting a boreo-montane distribution pattern. Batrachedraconfusella sp. nov. is more widely distributed in temperate Northern and Central Europe.

Keywords: Boreo-montane; DNA barcoding; Europe; Gelechioidea; Pinaceae; ddRAD sequencing; new species; nuclear genes.

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Figures

Figures 1–4.
Figures 1–4.
Adults and labels of Batrachedra1 lectotype Cosmopteryxpinicolella Zeller, 1839 (NHMUK; copyright Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London) 2 labels of lectotype 3 holotype of Batrachedraconfusella sp. nov. 4 adult of Batrachedrapinicolella. Scale: 10 mm.
Figures 5–8.
Figures 5–8.
Male genitalia of Batrachedra5B.confusella sp. nov., genitalia slide NHMO 3899 6B.confusella sp. nov., distal end of phallus, genitalia slide NHMO 3899 7B.pinicolella, genitalia slide NHMO 3891 8B.pinicolella, distal end of phallus, genitalia slide NHMO 3892.
Figures 9–10.
Figures 9–10.
Female genitalia of Batrachedra9B.confusella sp. nov., genitalia slide NHMO 3937 10B.pinicolella, genitalia slide NHMO 3961.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Neighbor-joining visualization of genetic divergences of DNA barcode fragment of COI gene within and between European species of Batrachedra. The scale indicates 1% genetic divergence as calculated under Kimura 2 parameter model for nucleotide substitution.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from the ddRAD SNP data. Bootstrap support values are indicated above the branches and only the values > 50% are shown. The barplot shows the assignments of individuals into two genetic clusters, the red clusters referring to Batrachedraconfusella, the blue clusters to B.pinicolella. Each bar represents one individual and colours represent the proportion of the individuals that belong to each of the genetic cluster.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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