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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Feb 25;17(2):e0264393.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264393. eCollection 2022.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 in low- and middle-income countries in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 in low- and middle-income countries in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pongpan Suriyong et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although CKD prevalence has been rapidly increasing in LMICs, particularly in Asia, quantitative studies on the current epidemiology of CKD in this region are limited. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of CKD stages 3-5 in LMICs in Asia, by subregion, country economy classification, identification of CKD, traditional and non-traditional risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted through a literature search of seven electronic databases and grey literature search published until November 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias of each study. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence. The protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42019120519). Of 4,548 potentially relevant records, 110 studies with moderate and high quality were included with 4,760,147 subjects. The average prevalence (95% CI) of CKD stages 3-5 in 14 LMICs in Asia was 11.2% (9.3-13.2%). The prevalence of CKD stages 3-5 was varied among subregions and country economic classification. CKD prevalence was 8.6% (7.2-10.2%) in east Asia, 12.0% (7.7-17.0%) in south-east Asia, 13.1% (8.7-18.2%) in western Asia, and 13.5% (9.5-18.0%) in south Asia. CKD prevalence was 9.8% (8.3-11.5%) in upper-middle-income countries and 13.8% (9.9-18.3%) in lower-middle-income countries. Prevalence of CKD stage 3-5 in LMICs in Asia is comparable to global prevalence. High level of heterogeneity was observed. Study of factors and interventions that lead to the delay of CKD progression is needed.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. PRISMA flow chart for identifying relevant studies.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5 in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) in Asia using a random-effects model.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5 in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) according to subregion of Asia using a random-effects model.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5 in upper-middle income countries using a random-effects model.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5 in lower-middle income countries using a random-effects model.

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