Impact of household economic strengthening intervention on food security among caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children in Tanzania

Abstract

About 2 billion people worldwide suffer moderate or severe forms of food insecurity, calling for correctional measures involving economic strengthening interventions. This study assessed the impact of household economic strengthening (HES) intervention on food security among caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Tanzania. The study was longitudinal in design, based on OVC caregivers' baseline (2017-2018) and midline (2019) data from the USAID Kizazi Kipya project. Food security, the outcome, was measured using the Household Hunger Scale (HHS) in three categories: little to no hunger (food secure), moderate hunger, and severe hunger. Membership in the USAID Kizazi Kipya-supported economic strengthening intervention (i.e. WORTH Yetu) was the main independent variable. Data analysis involved generalized estimating equation (GEE) for multivariate analysis. With mean age of 50.3 years at baseline, the study analyzed 132,583 caregivers, 72.2% of whom were female. At midline, 7.6% of all caregivers enrolled at baseline were members in WORTH Yetu. Membership in WORTH Yetu was significantly effective in reducing household hunger among the caregivers: severe hunger dropped from 9.4% at baseline to 4.1% at midline; moderate hunger dropped from 65.9% at baseline to 62.8% at midline; and food security (i.e., little to no hunger households) increased from 25.2% at baseline to 33.1% at midline. In the multivariate analysis, membership in WORTH Yetu reduced the likelihood of severe hunger by 47% (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.48-0.59), and moderate hunger by 21% (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.83), but increased the likelihood of food security by 45% (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.39-1.51). The USAID Kizazi Kipya's model of household economic strengthening for OVC caregivers was effective in improving food security and reducing household hunger in Tanzania. This underscores the need to expand WORTH Yetu coverage. Meanwhile, these results indicate a potential of applying the intervention in similar settings to address household hunger.

Fig 1. Conceptual framework of the effect of WORTH Yetu intervention on household hunger, considering demographic, socioeconomic, individual, household, and environmental characteristics of OVC caregivers in Tanzania.

Fig 2. Caregivers’ duration (in years) in the USAID Kizazi Kipya project from baseline (enrollment) to midline (n = 132,385).

Fig 3. Caregivers’ level of household hunger at baseline and midline (n = 132,583).

Fig 4. Caregivers’ level of household hunger at midline by background characteristics (n = 132,583).