Assessment of Nasal-Brain-Targeting Efficiency of New Developed Mucoadhesive Emulsomes Encapsulating an Anti-Migraine Drug for Effective Treatment of One of the Major Psychiatric Disorders Symptoms

Abstract

Migraine is one of the major symptoms of many psychiatric and mental disorders like depression and anxiety. Eletriptan Hydrobromide (EH) is a well-tolerated drug in migraine treatment, but suffers from low oral bioavailability and low brain targeting after oral delivery. New nasal mucoadhesive EH-emulsomes development could be a new means to direct the drug from the nose-to-brain to achieve rapid onset of action and high drug concentration in the brain for acute migraine treatment. Eletriptan mucoadhesive emulsomes formulations were prepared using thin-film hydration method and 2³ full factorial design was adopted to study different formulation factors' effect on the emulsomes characters. The emulsomes were characterized for entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential (ZP), particle size (PS), morphology, and ex-vivo permeation through the nasal mucosa. The selected formula was evaluated in mice for its in-vivo bio-distribution in comparison with EH intranasal and intravenous solutions. Drug targeting efficacy (DTE%) and nose-to-brain direct transport percentage (DTP%) were calculated. The optimization formulation showed a nanoparticle size of 177.01 nm, EE 79.44%, and ZP = 32.12 ± 3.28 mV. In addition, in-vitro permeability studies revealed enhanced drug permeability with suitable mean residence time up to 120 ± 13 min. EH-emulsomes were stable under different storage conditions for three months. In vivo examination and pharmacokinetic drug targeting parameters revealed EH transport to the CNS after EH nanoparticle nasal administration. Histopathology study showed no ciliotoxic effect on the nasal mucosa. From the results, it can be confirmed that the emulsomes formulation of EH proved safe direct nose-to-brain transport of EH after nasal administration of EH emulsomes.

Keywords: anti-migraine; brain targeting; mucoadhesive emulsomes; psychiatric disorders symptoms.

Figure 1

Solubility of EH in different solid lipids.

Figure 2

3D-plots response for studying the effect of PC: CA molar ratio, EH: T. lipids molar ratio, and TMC conc on; (A) the particle size PS, (B) entrapment efficiency, (C) Zeta potential (ZP), (D) Permeability Coefficient (Kp), and (E) Residence time (RT) of EH-mucoadhesive emulsomes.

Figure 3

Optimization of EH mucoadhesive emulsomes.

Figure 4

Transmission electron microscope photography of EH emulsomes (×25,000).

Figure 5

ET concentrations in mice after administration of various formulations: (A) plasma concentrations, (B) brain concentrations.

Figure 6

Nasal mucosal tissue of: (a): control mouse, (b): mouse received EH solution, (c): mouse received EH mucoadhesive emulsomes.