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Review
. 2022 Feb 9;14(4):658.
doi: 10.3390/polym14040658.

Paclitaxel Drug Delivery Systems: Focus on Nanocrystals' Surface Modifications

Razan Haddad  1 , Nasr Alrabadi  2 , Bashar Altaani  1 , Tonglei Li  3
Affiliations
Review

Paclitaxel Drug Delivery Systems: Focus on Nanocrystals' Surface Modifications

Razan Haddad et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that belongs to the taxane family and which was approved to treat various kinds of cancers including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Several delivery systems for PTX have been developed to enhance its solubility and pharmacological properties involving liposomes, nanoparticles, microparticles, micelles, cosolvent methods, and the complexation with cyclodextrins and other materials that are summarized in this article. Specifically, this review discusses deeply the developed paclitaxel nanocrystal formulations. As PTX is a hydrophobic drug with inferior water solubility properties, which are improved a lot by nanocrystal formulation. Based on that, many studies employed nano-crystallization techniques not only to improve the oral delivery of PTX, but IV, intraperitoneal (IP), and local and intertumoral delivery systems were also developed. Additionally, superior and interesting properties of PTX NCs were achieved by performing additional modifications to the NCs, such as stabilization with surfactants and coating with polymers. This review summarizes these delivery systems by shedding light on their route of administration, the methods used in the preparation and modifications, the in vitro or in vivo models used, and the advantages obtained based on the developed formulations.

Keywords: cancer; chemotherapy; drug delivery; nanocrystals; nanotechnology; paclitaxel; surface modification.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chemical structure of a PTX drug.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The most common developed strategies to improve the delivery of paclitaxel drugs. SLN: solid lipid nanoparticles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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