Functional Microfiber Nonwoven Fabric with Sialic Acid-Immobilized Polymer Brush for Capturing Lectin in Aerosol

Abstract

The influenza virus has been known as a representative infectious virus that harms human health from the past to the present day. We have promoted the development of a novel adsorbent capable of adsorbing influenza viruses in the form of aerosols in the air. In this study, to develop a material to adsorb the influenza virus, a functional group was introduced into a microfiber nonwoven fabric (MNWF) manufactured through radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP), and sialic acid was immobilized to mimic the sugar chain cluster effect. The functional group was used by coupling disodium iminodiacetate monohydrate (IDA) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) was selected for sialic acid. IDA-EDC was introduced into GMA MNWF with an average molar conversion of 47%. For NANA MNWF with a degree of grafting (dg) of 87% introduced with sialic acid, 118.2 of 200 µg of aerosolized lectin was adsorbed, confirming that the maximum adsorption amount was 59.1%. In NANA MNWF of 100% or more dg, a tendency to decrease the amount of lectin adsorption was observed compared to NANA MNWF of 80-100% dg.

Keywords: N-acetylneuraminic acid; WGA; iminodiacetate; influenza virus; lectin; microfiber nonwoven fabric; radiation-induced graft polymerization.

Scheme 1

A design concept that mimics the sugar chain cluster effect with sialic acid introduced into the functional microfiber nonwoven fabric.

Figure 1

Protein database biological assembly of (A) 1ruz, 1918 H1 hemagglutinin, and (B) 1WGC_1, wheat germ agglutinin.

Figure 2

Introduction diagram of the IDA-EDC coupling reaction.

Figure 3

Introduction of IDA-EDC and NANA into GMA MNWF.

Figure 4

Lectin aerosolization device.

Figure 5

Introduction of IDA-EDC into GMA MNWF.

Figure 6

FT-IR characterization of each functional MNWF.

Figure 7

FE-SEM characterization of (A) GMA MNWF, (B) IDA-EDC MNWF, and (C) NANA MNWF.

Figure 8

Fluorescent marker lectin adsorption image of functional MNWF at each stage. (a–c) GMA, IDA-EDC, and NANA MNWF, respectively. (A–C) GMA, IDA-EDC, and NANA MNWF after fluorescence-labeled lectin adsorption, respectively. (A’–C’) GMA, IDA-EDC, and NANA MNWF after eluting fluorescently labeled lectin with 0.2 wt.% SDS solution, respectively. Each MNWF’s dg is 50%.

Figure 9

Lectin adsorption amount difference in each functional nonwoven fabric (each used functional MNWF’s average dg is 90%).

Figure 10

Dependence of lectin absorption rate on the degree of grafting.

Figure 11

Dependence of average lectin absorption amount on GMA concentration used in the preparation.