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. 2022 Feb 11;14(4):698.
doi: 10.3390/polym14040698.

Development of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Semi-Finished Products with Bio-Based Matrix for Eco-Friendly Composites

Claudia Möhl  1 , Timo Weimer  1 , Metin Caliskan  1 , Stephan Baz  1 , Hans-Jürgen Bauder  1 , Götz T Gresser  1   2
Affiliations

Development of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Semi-Finished Products with Bio-Based Matrix for Eco-Friendly Composites

Claudia Möhl et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Increasing resource consumption and a growing amount of textile waste increase the importance of a circular economy and recycling in the fashion and apparel industry. Environmentally friendly bio-based composites made from cellulosic fibres obtained from textile waste, and polymers based on renewable raw materials present a possible solution. In this study, the development of textile semi-finished products based on medium-to-long cotton and flax fibres obtained from textile waste in combination with a bio-based thermoplastic matrix for lightweight applications is investigated. For the production of natural fibre-polylactide hybrid yarns, fibre slivers with improved fibre orientation and blending are produced. Subsequently, quasi-unidirectional woven fabrics are produced and consolidated into bio-based composites. Textile and mechanical properties of hybrid yarns as well as bio-composites are analysed with regard to the influence of fibre length, fibre distribution in the yarn, yarn structure and fibre volume content. The results show that the production of bio-based semi-finished products can be a potential way for upcycling textile waste.

Keywords: bio-based thermoplastics; fibre waste; hybrid yarn; mechanical characterisation; natural fibre; textile waste; woven fabric.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Self-built filament-wrap spinning machine; (b) Details of filament wrapping process; (c) Schematic of wrap spinning process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Production of the quasi-UD fabric, insertion of the weft yarn; (b) quasi-UD CO-PLA fabric; (c) quasi-UD FL-PLA fabric.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hot pressing cycle of CO-PLA composite plate.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Consolidated CO-PLA composite plate with aluminium press frame; (b) consolidated FL-PLA composite with aluminium press frame.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Waste cotton hybrid yarn (above) and waste flax hybrid yarn (below).
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Tenacity of hybrid yarns; (b) elongation at break of hybrid yarns.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Three selected tenacity–elongation curves of cotton hybrid yarn.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Three selected tenacity–elongation curves of flax hybrid yarn.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Fibre volume fraction of the semi-finished products from the respective process steps.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) Tensile modulus of bio-based composites; (b) tensile strength of bio-based composites; (c) elongation of bio-based composites.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Tensile strength–elongation curve of two selected bio-based composites.
Figure 12
Figure 12
(a) Cutting of samples out of CO-PLA composite for four-point bending test; (b) four-point bending test of a CO-PLA composite sample.
Figure 13
Figure 13
(a) Flexural modulus of bio-based composites; (b) flexural strength of bio-based composites; (c) elongation of bio-based composites.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Strength–bending curve of two selected bio-based composites.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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