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. 2022 Feb 1;100(2):skac005.
doi: 10.1093/jas/skac005.

Direct effect of lipopolysaccharide and histamine on permeability of the rumen epithelium of steers ex vivo

Shengtao Gao  1 , Alateng Zhula  1 , Wenhui Liu  1 , Zhongyan Lu  2 , Zanming Shen  2 , Gregory B Penner  3 , Lu Ma  1 , Dengpan Bu  1
Affiliations

Direct effect of lipopolysaccharide and histamine on permeability of the rumen epithelium of steers ex vivo

Shengtao Gao et al. J Anim Sci. .

Abstract

Disruption of the ruminal epithelium barrier occurs during subacute ruminal acidosis due to low pH, hyper-osmolality, and increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and histamine in ruminal fluid. However, the individual roles of lipopolysaccharide and histamine in the process of ruminal epithelium barriers disruption are not clear. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the direct effect of lipopolysaccharide and histamine on the barrier function of the ruminal epithelium. Compared with control (CON), histamine (HIS, 20 μM) increased the short-circuit current (Isc; 88.2%, P < 0.01), transepithelial conductance (Gt; 29.7%, P = 0.056), and the permeability of fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC) (1.04-fold, P < 0.01) of ruminal epithelium. The apparent permeability of LPS was 1.81-fold higher than HIS (P < 0.01). The mRNA abundance of OCLN in ruminal epithelium was decreased by HIS (1.1-fold, P = 0.047). The results of the present study suggested that mucosal histamine plays a direct role in the disruption of ruminal epithelium barrier function, whereas lipopolysaccharide (at a pH of 7.4) has no effect on the permeability of rumen tissues ex vivo.

Keywords: gastrointestinal tract; permeability; subacute rumen acidosis.

Plain language summary

Lipopolysaccharide and histamine are common chemicals in rumen when the ruminant animal takes too much concentrate. We wandered whether these two chemicals have direct effects on the rumen tissues. Using Ussing chamber, we found that histamine could directly improve the permeability of rumen barrier.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Effects of LPS and HIS on electrophysiological parameters of rumen epithelial. (A) represents the short-circuit current of different treatments. (B) represents the tissue conductance of different treatments. Values with different letters (a, b, and c) differ significantly (P < 0.05). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM). Eight tissues (n = 8) were used in this study.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and flux rate of fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC), LPS, and histamine from mucosal to serosal side. (A) and (B) represent the flux rate and Papp of FITC. (C) and (D) represent the flux rate and Papp of LPS and HIS. The unit of LPS was shown in left Y-axis. The unit of HIS was shown in right Y-axis. Values with different letters (a, b, and c) differ significantly (P < 0.05). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM). Eight tissues (n = 8) were used in this study.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The correlation between FITC flux and Gt of each treatment at different sampling time points. The shadow around the linear regression trendline shows the 95% confidence interval (CI). The triangles represent the data from HIS, the squares represent the data from LPS, and the circles represent the data from CON.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Relative mRNA abundance genes relative to tight junction proteins: (A) OCLN, (B) CLDN4, (C) CLDN1, and (D) TJP1. Values with different letters (a and b) differ significantly (P < 0.05). Black diamond and black line in each box represent the mean and the median of that treatment, respectively. Eight tissues (n = 8) were used in this study.
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