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. 2022 Feb 9:9:817051.
doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.817051. eCollection 2022.

Amputation Predisposes to Higher Cancer-Specific Mortality Than Limb Salvage Surgery in Pediatric Patients With Osteosarcoma of the Limbs: A Propensity Matching Analysis

Jinkui Wang  1 , Jie Tang  2 , Xiaojun Tan  1 , Chenghao Zhanghuang  1 , Liming Jin  1 , Mujie Li  1 , Zhaoxia Zhang  1 , Tao Mi  1 , Dawei He  1
Affiliations

Amputation Predisposes to Higher Cancer-Specific Mortality Than Limb Salvage Surgery in Pediatric Patients With Osteosarcoma of the Limbs: A Propensity Matching Analysis

Jinkui Wang et al. Front Surg. .

Abstract

Objective: With the development of osteosarcoma treatment, limb salvage surgery is gradually replacing amputation as the primary surgical option. Most pediatric osteosarcomas of the limbs undergo limb-salvage surgery. We aimed to use propensity score matching (PSM) analysis test the difference in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) between amputation and limb-salvage surgery in pediatric patients with Osteosarcoma of the limbs. PSM is a statistical method used to deal with data from an Observational Study. The PSM method is designed to reduce the influence of biases and confounding variables to make a more reasonable comparison between experimental and control groups.

Methods: Patient information was downloaded from the SEER (surveillance, epidemiology, and End Results) database from 2004 to 2018. We included all primary pediatric osteosarcoma patients who underwent limb salvage or amputation. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the factors influencing patient choice of amputation. Differences in CSM and other causes of mortality (OSM) between limb salvage and amputation were analyzed using cumulative incidence plots and competitive risk regression tests after 1:1 proportional propensity score matching.

Results: A total of 1,058 pediatric patients with limbs Osteosarcoma were included. Patients who underwent amputations were more likely to be male (OR 1.4, P = 0.024) and more likely to have distant metastasis (OR 2.1, P < 0.001). Before propensity matching, CSM was 1.4 times higher in patients undergoing amputation than in patients undergoing limb salvage (P = 0.017) and 3.4 times higher in OSM (P = 0.007). After adjustment for propensity matching, CSM was 1.5 times higher in patients undergoing amputation than in patients undergoing limb salvage (P = 0.028), but there was no significant difference in OSM (HR 3.2, P = 0.078).

Conclusions: Our results suggested that amputation is associated with a 1.5-fold increase in CSM in pediatric patients with limbs Osteosarcoma. Therefore, in the surgical selection of pediatric patients with Osteosarcoma, limb salvage surgery should be the first choice in the absence of other contraindications.

Keywords: Osteosarcoma; amputation; limb salvage; limbs; mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) diagram of study inclusion criteria.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Density plots of propensity score before (A) and after matching (B).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cumulative incidence plots in the original cohort showed CSM and OCM rates in pediatric patients with Osteosarcoma of the limbs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
After 1:1 propensity score matching, Cumulative incidence plots showed CSM and OCM rates in pediatric patients with Osteosarcoma of the limbs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Standardized mean difference distribution of patients after the inverse probability of treatment weighting matching.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Kaplan-meier curve of patients receiving amputation and limb salvage after the inverse probability of treatment weighting matching.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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