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. 2022 Feb 9:8:785922.
doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.785922. eCollection 2021.

Co-Overexpression of GRK5/ACTC1 Correlates With the Clinical Parameters and Poor Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Longyang Liu  1   2 , Jin Lv  2   3 , Zhongqiu Lin  4 , Yingxia Ning  5 , Jing Li  1 , Ping Liu  1 , Chunlin Chen  1
Affiliations

Co-Overexpression of GRK5/ACTC1 Correlates With the Clinical Parameters and Poor Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Longyang Liu et al. Front Mol Biosci. .

Abstract

Background: The prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is poor, and the present prognostic predictors of EOC are neither sensitive nor specific. Objective: The aim of this study was to search the prognostic biomarkers of EOC and to investigate the expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) and actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1) in EOC tissues (both paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen tissues) and to explore their association with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic value in patients with EOC. Methods: A total of 172 paraffin-embedded cancer tissues of EOC patients diagnosed and operated at the memorial hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between December 2009 and March 2017 and 41 paratumor tissues were collected and the expression of GRK5 and ACTC1 was examined using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, 16 fresh-frozen EOC tissues and their matched paratumor tissues were collected from the Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, between August 2013 and November 2019 and subjected to reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis to detect the mRNA expression of GRK5 and ACTC1. Results: The expression of GRK5 and ACTC1 was both higher in cancer tissues than in paratumor tissues. GRK5 expression was positively correlated with ACTC1 expression. In addition, GRK5, ACTC1, and GRK5/ACTC1 expression was associated with the recurrence-free survival and overall survival of EOC patients. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that GRK5+/ACTC1+ co-expression, intestinal metastasis, postoperative chemotherapy, platinum resistance, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors of EOC. Conclusion: GRK5 and ACTC1 are both upregulated in EOC compared with those in paratumor tissues. The co-expression of GRK5+/ACTC1+ rather than GRK5 or ACTC1 is an independent prognostic biomarker of EOC.

Keywords: ACTC1; GRK5; epithelial ovarian cancer; expression; prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The reviewer YL declared a shared affiliation with one of the authors YN at time of review. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Both GRK5 and ACTC1 were significantly upregulated in EOC tissues compared with that in paratumor tissues using RT-qPCR analysis.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
GRK5 and ACTC1 were both upregulated in paraffin-embedded EOC. (A) GRK5 expression in EOC tissues and paratumor tissues (p < 0.0001); (B) ACTC1 expression in EOC tissues and paratumor tissues (p < 0.0001); (C) GRK5/ACTC1 co-expression in EOC tissues and paratumor tissues (p < 0.0001); (D) Comparison of EOC/paratumor tissues immunohistochemically stained for GRK5 (400X); (E) Comparison of EOC/paratumor tissues immunohistochemically stained for ACTC1 (400X); (F) the staining of GRK5 expression in EOC tissues (400X); (G) the staining of ACTC1 expression in EOC tissues (400X).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Kaplan–Meier survival of RFS and OS among GRK5 and ACTC1 and co-expression of GRK5/ACTC1 in EOC patients: (A) Kaplan–Meier survival of OS between GRK5 expression and EOC patients; (B) Kaplan–Meier survival of RFS between GRK5 expression and EOC patients; (C) Kaplan–Meier survival of OS between ACTC1 expression and EOC patients; (D) Kaplan–Meier survival of RFS between ACTC1 expression and EOC patients; (E,G) Kaplan–Meier survival of OS between GRK5/ACTC1 co-expression and EOC patients; (F,H) Kaplan–Meier survival of RFS between GRK5/ACTC1 co-expression and EOC patients.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Pearson correlation analysis showing the positive correlation of GRK5 mRNA and ACTC1 mRNA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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