Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, Shaker Heights, Ohio, USA.
• ² Adult Specialty Care, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Spine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals, St. John and Southwest General Medical Centers, University Hospitals Spine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Surgery, Metabolic and Bariatric Nutrition Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Joint Replacement and Preservation, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.