Effects of school-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in adolescent boys with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: With accumulating evidence suggesting that CVD has its origins in childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a real-world school-based high-intensity interval training intervention on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in obese boys aged 10 to 13 years.

Methods: Forty-five adolescent boys with obesity (age = 11.2 ± 0.7 years, BMI = 24.2 ± 1.0 kg/m²), were randomized to high-intensity interval training group (HIIT, n = 15), moderate-intensity continuous training group (MICT, n = 15), or a control group (CON, n = 15). The intervention groups performed three weekly exercise sessions over 12 weeks. HIIT group performed two sets of eight bouts of 15 s run at high-intensity [90 ~ 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS)] separated by eight bouts of 15 s recovery run at low-intensity (50% MAS), MICT group performed 30 min run at moderate intensity (60 ~ 70% MAS) and CON group were instructed to continue their normal behaviors. All participants had indices of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic markers measured at baseline and post-intervention. Statistical differences between and within groups were determined by use of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures.

Results: Following the school-based training program, BMI and body fat mass decreased (BMI: - 1.8 kg/m² vs. - 1.2 kg/m², P < 0.01; FM: - 1.6 kg, P < 0.05 vs. -3.7 kg, P < 0.01) in HIIT and MICT group, but there was no significant difference between the two interventions; [Formula: see text] both increased significantly in two intervention groups, and the increment of HIIT group was significantly greater than that of MICT (6.1 mL/kg/min vs. 3.8 mL/kg/min, P < 0.01), Visceral adipose tissue was significant decrease in HIIT group (- 53 g vs. -17 g, P < 0.01) whilst the MICT group experienced a significant decrease in body fat percentage (- 3.1 ± 1.0 kg, P < 0.01), but there were no significant difference between the two interventions. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in HIIT group (- 17.2%, P < 0.05). Significant decrease in the usual index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) occurred in HIIT and MICT groups (- 27.3 and - 28.6%, respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that high-intensity interval training based on running can be used to improve the physical health of obese adolescents in school. Further investigations involving a larger cohort of participants, taken from different schools, is recommended.

Trial registration: title Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Obese Children and Adolescents, time 16/12/2017, ID ChiCTR-IOR-17013992 , website http://www.chictr.org.cn.

Fig. 1

Flow chart of participant enrollment, randomized group allocation, and final analysis

Fig. 2

Association between changes in visceral adipose tissue and peak oxygen uptake

Fig. 3

Exercise-induced change in BMI, %BF, FM, VAT, $\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{peak}}$, SBP, LDL and HOMA-IR in the three groups after the intervention. Note: Values are mean ± SD, ^* P < 0.05, ^# P < 0.01