Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar 1;12(1):3423.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07190-8.

Association between chronic kidney disease and open-angle glaucoma in South Korea: a 12-year nationwide retrospective cohort study

Jun-Soo Ro  1 , Jong Youn Moon  2 , Tae Kwann Park  3   4 , Si Hyung Lee  5   6
Affiliations

Association between chronic kidney disease and open-angle glaucoma in South Korea: a 12-year nationwide retrospective cohort study

Jun-Soo Ro et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Various non-intraocular pressure factors have been identified as possible risk factors for open-angle glaucoma (OAG). However, there is still controversy around the association between OAG and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we used a nationwide cohort to investigate the risk of OAG in the 12 years following a diagnosis of CKD. This retrospective cohort study included 1,103,302 subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort database. The CKD group (n = 1318) included patients who were initially diagnosed with CKD between 2003 and 2008. The subjects in the comparison group were matched at a 1:5 ratio using propensity scores. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, a diagnosis of CKD was significantly associated with an increased incidence of OAG (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.546, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.363-1.754, p < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that the risk of OAG increased with the severity of CKD (mild to moderate CKD [CKD stage 1-3]: HR = 1.280, 95% CI 1.077-1.521, p = 0.005; advanced CKD [CKD stage 4-5]: HR = 1.861, 95% CI 1.589-2.180, p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, female CKD patients had a greater risk of developing OAG than males, and subjects with CKD aged ≥ 40 years were more likely to develop OAG compared with those aged < 40 years. Our study demonstrates that CKD is a significant risk factor for OAG and that severe CKD is associated with an increased risk of developing OAG.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Subgroup analysis of developing open-angle glaucoma according to age and sex based on multivariate Cox regression.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cumulative hazards of open-angle glaucoma in CKD patients with stage 1–2 (mild to moderate CKD) and stage 3–5 (advanced CKD) by month.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cumulative hazards of open-angle glaucoma in CKD patients according to sex (A,B) and age group (≥ 40 or < 40 years, C,D).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2006;90:262–267. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2005.081224. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Resnikoff S, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull. World Health Organ. 2004;82:844–851. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Suzuki Y, et al. Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma in a Japanese population: The Tajimi Study. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1613–1617. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.03.059. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kim CS, Seong GJ, Lee NH, Song KC. Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in central South Korea the Namil study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:1024–1030. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.10.016. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Yamamoto S, et al. Primary open-angle glaucoma in a population associated with high prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma: The Kumejima Study. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1558–1565. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.03.003. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types