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. 2022 Jan 12;9(1):210805.
doi: 10.1098/rsos.210805. eCollection 2022 Jan.

Tetracycline adsorption on magnetic sludge biochar: size effect of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Suxing Luo  1   2 , Jun Qin  1 , Yuanhui Wu  2   3 , Feng Feng  1
Affiliations

Tetracycline adsorption on magnetic sludge biochar: size effect of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Suxing Luo et al. R Soc Open Sci. .

Abstract

Activated sludge, which is difficult and expensive to treat and dispose of, is a key concern in wastewater treatment plants. In this study, magnetic sludge biochar containing activated sludge and different sizes (14.3, 40.2 and 90.5 nm) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was investigated as an effective adsorbent for tetracycline (TC) adsorption. Magnetic sludge-based biochar was prepared by a facile cross-linking method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and zeta potential analysis. The adsorption performances of TC on three kinds of adsorbents were investigated. Although 14.3 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be inclined to aggregate and partially filled with pores of biochar, it turned out that magnetic sludge biochar with 14.3 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited optimum performance for TC removal with adsorption capacity up to 184.5 mg g-1, due to the larger amounts of functional groups and the change of zeta potential. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics of TC on three kinds of adsorbents were studied, which implied that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibited the better fit for the entire sorption process.

Keywords: adsorption; magnetic sludge biochar; size effect; tetracycline.

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Figures

Scheme 1.
Scheme 1.
Schematic illustration of the synthesis of MS with different sized Fe3O4 particles and its adsorption properties of TC.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
TEM analysis of three kinds of magnetic biochar ((a) MS-1; (b) MS-2 and (c) MS-3).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Characterizations of the magnetic biochar. (a) N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, (b) FT-IR, (c) zeta potential and (d) XRD patterns.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
XPS spectra of Fe 2p3/2 (a) and O 1s (b) of MS-1.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Effect of initial pH (C0: 200 mg l−1, adsorption time: 1200 min, dosage: 0.65 g l−1).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Effect of dosage (C0: 200 mg l−1, initial pH: 5.5).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
(a) Effect of contact time, (b) pseudo-first-order kinetic model and (c) pseudo-second-order kinetic model of TC adsorption on three kinds of magnetic sludge biochar.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Regeneration studies of magnetic sludge biochar over four cycles.
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