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Review
. 2021 Dec 22;4(2):100403.
doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.11.001. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Obesity and CKD in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review

Rotimi Oluyombo  1   2 , Hameed Banjo Oguntade  2 , Michael Soje  3 , Omotola Obajolowo  2   3 , Mahzuz Karim  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Obesity and CKD in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review

Rotimi Oluyombo et al. Kidney Med. .

Abstract

Obesity is a major public health problem in the developed world, where it has reached an epidemic status over the last few decades. In parallel with this, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased. Although obesity is a risk factor for hypertension and diabetes, it is also independently associated with the development and progression of CKD. Two-third of patients with CKD worldwide will be residents of developing countries by the year 2030. Risk factors for CKD are prevalent in the sub-Saharan Africa region; this review discusses the available data regarding the relationship between obesity and CKD. The prevalence of CKD appears to correlate with increasing adiposity in sub-Saharan Africa; however, limited data are currently available, and the analysis of this association is further complicated by a variety of parameters used to define obesity. (eg, body mass index vs waist circumference). Longer, large-scale studies are needed to inform the prevalence and kidney implications of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords: Obesity, Chronic kidney disease, risk factors, Sub-saharan Africa.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of Africa showing the percentage prevalence of obesity and chronic kidney disease according to region in sub-Saharan Africa. CKD, chronic kidney disease; EA, East Africa; MA, Middle Africa; SA, South Africa; WA, West Africa.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of obesity and chronic kidney disease and the relative risk of end-stage renal disease among US and United Kingdom adults classified by race. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Increase in the prevalence of obesity between 1975 and 2016 classified by region. Bars show the ratio of obesity prevalence rates in 2016 to those in 1975. Abbreviations: AP, Asian Pacific; W, Western countries.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relationships between obesity, hypertension, metabolic disorder, and chronic kidney disease. Abbreviations: CV, cardiovascular; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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