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. 2022 Mar 5;17(1):7.
doi: 10.1186/s13027-022-00421-7.

Prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes between outpatients males and females referred to seven laboratories in Tehran, Iran

Iman Rezaee Azhar  1   2 , Mahmood Yaghoobi  2 , Mir Majid Mossalaeie  3 , Abolghasem Kollaee Darabi  4 , Amir Houshang Nejadeh  5 , Mahbobeh Jamshidi  5 , Ali Ahani  6 , Masoud Karkhane Mahmoodi  7 , Leila Ghalichi  8 , Ayda Shabanzadeh  1   2 , Angila Ataei-Pirkooh  9 , Arezoo Marjani  1 , Azam Khamseh  1   10 , Motahareh Shafiei  1   2 , Parastoo Hosseini  1   2 , Saber Soltani  1 , Milad Zandi  1 , Parsa Ghafari  1 , Amir Aboofazeli  1 , Azam Ghaziasadi  1 , Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri  11   12
Affiliations

Prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes between outpatients males and females referred to seven laboratories in Tehran, Iran

Iman Rezaee Azhar et al. Infect Agent Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) causes the most common sexually-transmitted infection especially among sexually-active individuals. The aim of study was to characterize the molecular characterization of HPV genotypes between 5176 female and male patients.

Methods: HPV DNA was extracted from genital swabs of the study participants and amplified by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Genotyping was performed for 2525 cases using REALQUALITY RQ-Multi HPV Detection Kit for the identification of 14 high risk (HR) and 2 low risk (LR) HPV genotypes. Demographic figures were analyzed in correlation with virological data statistically.

Results: Out of 5176 cases from 7 laboratories, 2727 (53%) were positive for HPV, of which. 2372(87%) women and 355 (13%) men were HPV positive. However, in an intra-gender analysis, positive rate was higher in men (355/637, 55.7%) than in women (2372/4539, 52%; P value 0.007). HPV positive patients were younger than negative individuals. Positive rate was higher among age categories 20-40. Genotyping was performed for 2525 cases. Out of 1219 (48%) patients who contained single genotypes, 566 (22%) and 653 (26%) harboured HR and LR genotypes, respectively. In females and males, 1189 (54%) and 117 (37%) contained multiple genotypes. No substantial associations were found between different age categories and HR/LR and multiple genotypes distribution.

Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV infection in both genders was high. However, men had a higher rate of infection. These observations highlighted the necessity for a plan for targeted education to younger population in the society as well as application of infection control measures against HPV infection, especially in terms of general population mass HPV vaccination.

Keywords: Cervical cancer; Human papilloma virus; Sexually-transmitted infections.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic Distribution of HPV HR and LR genotypes; A in both genders, B in females and C in males. Note: for females and males other LR genotypes than HPV-6 and HPV-11 were skipped for more clarification
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of total HPV HR as well as 6 and 11 genotypes between genders according to different age categories
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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