DDSolver Software Application for Quantitative Analysis of In vitro Drug Release Behavior of the Gastroretentive Floating Tablets Combined with Radiological Study in Rabbits

Abstract

Background: Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDSs) are designed to release the drug in the stomach over a prolonged time; thus, they can reduce drug dosing frequency and dose size and improve patient compliance. GRDDSs are also highly effective in enhancing the bioavailability of the drug that exhibits window absorption in specific segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Famotidine (FMT), an H2 receptor antagonist, is an example of these drugs. FMT is a slightly watersoluble drug but well soluble in an acidic medium. This research aims to formulate FMT gastroretentive floating tablets (FMT-GRFTs) to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic activity of the drug and increase patients' adherence to treatment. In addition, the in vitro release behavior of the prepared FMT-GRFTs was quantitatively analyzed using the DDSolver software to assist in selecting the successful formulation that was then evaluated in vivo.

Methods: The direct compression technique prepared numerous tablet formulations and was subjected to the pre-and post-compression evaluation. Data of FMT dissolution in the simulated gastric medium was analyzed by various kinetic models built in the DDSolver program. In addition, the simulated pharmacokinetics (AUC, MDT, and MRT), R2 adjusted, AIC, MSC, correlation of the residuals, and similarity factor (f2) were also generated.

Results: The results revealed that FMT release from the candidate formula (FH3) fitted to the first-order kinetic model, with a high value of R2 adjusted and MSC and a low AIC. The release behavior exhibited the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The similarity factor showed no significant difference (p < 0.05) of the test sample compared to the reference product. Nevertheless, the simulated pharmacokinetic parameter, AUC, proved a two-fold enhancement in FMT bioavailability, with a significant increment in the MDT and MRT compared with the reference product.The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis indicated the absence of drug-excipients/polymer interaction.The in vivo X-ray studies on rabbits confirmed that the floating tablets showed nearly eight hours of gastric residence.

Conclusion: DDSolver software was helpful in deciding the optimized formulation of FMT floating tablets. The radiological examination in rabbits for gastric retention was consistent with the release data analysis in vitro.

Keywords: DDSolver; Floating tablets; HPMC; carbopol; drug release; famotidine; gastroretentive; kinetics.