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. 2022 Feb 28:15:647-657.
doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S350626. eCollection 2022.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Non-Diabetics in the Arab Gulf

Muhammed Hassan Nasr  1 , Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan  2 , Noordin Othman  3 , Mahmathi Karuppannan  4 , Noorizan Binti Abdulaziz  5 , Ali Haider Mohammed  2   6 , Mohammed Ahmed Alsarani  7 , Mohammed Husain Eskembaji  7 , Abdelmannan Mohamed Aman  8 , Gamil Othman  9
Affiliations

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Non-Diabetics in the Arab Gulf

Muhammed Hassan Nasr et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. .

Abstract

Background: The link between the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and vitamin D deficiency has perplexed the medical society due to the controversy in the data available. Saudi Arabia (SA) is a sunny region; however, ample amount of data reported the increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency along with T2DM. Thus, this study aimed to compare vitamin D deficiency between healthy and T2DM patients in SA, alongside with the risk factors associated with that.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medical Unit, Taibah University in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, SA, from November 2017 to May 2018. The involved participants were non-diabetics and T2DM men. Measuring vitamin D for T2DM and non-diabetics group was done by trained technicians. Data analysis was done via SPSS.

Results: Sixty-four participants (T2DM group = 32; non-diabetics group = 32) were recruited, and the mean age of T2DM patients was 48.6 ± 10.4, while that of the non-diabetics was 42.4 ± 6.5. The mean of vitamin D level was found higher in the non-diabetic participants than in diabetic patients. There was statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and T2DM (P = 0.001). Besides, duration of diabetes was the only factor, found to be positively correlated with vitamin D deficiency in T2DM patients.

Conclusion: Early screening for vitamin D serum-level is recommended for T2DM patients in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, early correction of vitamin D levels should be considered, and medical and scientific societies, along with other sectors such as the media, should highlight and increase the awareness of the importance of vitamin D and the seriousness of its deficiency.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia; T2DM; vitamin D deficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work and declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The duration of daily sunlight exposure among T2DM patients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The duration of daily sunlight exposure among non-diabetics.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Vitamin D level among T2DM and non-diabetic participants.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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