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Review
. 2022 Feb 18:10:823414.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.823414. eCollection 2022.

Isolated Nocturnal Hypertension in Children

Midori Awazu  1
Affiliations
Review

Isolated Nocturnal Hypertension in Children

Midori Awazu. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) is attracting attention because it has been shown to correlate with target organ damage as well as cardiovascular events in adults. INH has also been reported in children especially in those with underlying diseases including chronic kidney disease and some studies reported association with markers of early target organ damage. INH occupies the majority of nocturnal hypertension. On the other hand, masked hypertension is largely attributed to INH. INH is usually diagnosed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Recently, it became possible to monitor sleep blood pressure by an automated home blood pressure device feasible also in children. The epidemiology, methodology and reproducibility, pathophysiology, relation to target organ damage, and treatment of INH in children will be reviewed here along with adult data.

Keywords: children; clinic blood pressure; isolated nocturnal hypertension; masked hypertension; masked isolated nocturnal hypertension; target organ damage.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The overlap between subjects with nocturnal hypertension, isolated nocturnal hypertension, masked isolated nocturnal hypertension, and masked hypertension. More than one-third of the subjects with nocturnal hypertension had isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH). INH consists largely of masked INH (MINH). Masked hypertension, on the other hand, is largely attributed to INH.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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