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. 2022 Feb 24:14:100269.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100269. eCollection 2022 Jun 30.

Assessment of components related to flavor and taste in Tan-lamb meat under different silage-feeding regimens using integrative metabolomics

Bing Wang  1 , Xingang Zhao  1 , Boyan Zhang  1 , Yimeng Cui  1 , Muzaipaier Nueraihemaiti  1 , Qifang Kou  2 , Hailing Luo  1
Affiliations

Assessment of components related to flavor and taste in Tan-lamb meat under different silage-feeding regimens using integrative metabolomics

Bing Wang et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

Two untargeted metabolomics approaches based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to identify the effects of different feeding regimes (concentrate, corn silage, alfalfa silage, mulberry leaf silage) on the potential meat flavor and taste components of Tan-lamb. Among 31 identified volatiles, hexanal was affected by the alfalfa silage diet, and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid was changed by the mulberry leaf silage diet. l-Pipecolic acid (area under the curve = 1, fold change = 0.18-0.48) and trimethylamine N-oxide (area under the curve = 1, fold change = 5.26-22.84) was the potential best discriminant biomarker under alfalfa silage and concentrate feeding, respectively. The hydrophilic components were more readily changed by feeding regimes than volatile flavor compounds. Our findings are helpful for the illustration of Tan-lamb meat chemistry and producing high-quality lamb meat with improved flavor and taste by corn silage, alfalfa silage, or mulberry leaf silage.

Keywords: AS, alfalfa silage-based diet; AUC, area under the curve; CON, concentrate-based diet; CS, corn silage-based diet; DFMs, differential metabolites; DVCs, differential volatile metabolites; ESI, electrospray ionization; FC, fold change; Foodomics; GC-MS, gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph; IDA, information dependent acquisition; IMF, intramuscular fat; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MS, mulberry leaf silage-based diet; OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis; PCA, principal component analysis; PLS-DA, partial least squares discriminant analysis; QC, quality control; RI, retention index; SPME, solid-phase microextraction; TMAO, Trimethylamine N-oxide; Tan lamb meat; UHPLC-QTOF-MS; UHPLC-QTOF-MS, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry; VIP, variable importance in the projection; Volatiles; Water-soluble flavor precursors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of different feed regimes on volatile compounds of raw lamb based on GC–MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plots of the individual metabolites from the four groups with the quality control (a). Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots of volatile compounds from every two groups’ comparisons (b-g). CON, concentrate diet; CS, corn silage; AS, alfalfa silage; MS, mulberry leaf silage.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The detected volatile compounds profiles of raw lamb muscle of Tan-lamb among the four groups (n = 6). Heatmap of the detected volatile compounds profiles from the four groups (a). Percentages of volatile categories identified in raw lamb (b). Heatmap of the significantly correlated volatile compounds (p-value < 0.01, c). CON, concentrate diet; CS, corn silage; AS, alfalfa silage; MS, mulberry leaf silage.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Venn diagram illustrating overlap of the four group-associated differential metabolites (DFMs) (e.g., CS-associated DFMs means the mutual DFMs between CS and other three groups) based on LC-MS in the raw lamb. CON-associated DFMs (a); CS-associated DFMs (b); AS-associated DFMs (c); MS-associated DFMs. CON, concentrate diet; CS, corn silage; AS, alfalfa silage; MS, mulberry leaf silage.
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