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. 2022 Mar-Apr;49(2):128-136.
doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000858.

Projected Augmented Reality (P-AR) for Enhancing Nursing Education About Pressure Injury: A Pilot Evaluation Study

Donna Z Bliss  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 , Adam J Becker  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 , Olga V Gurvich  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 , Cynthia S Bradley  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 , Erica Timko Olson  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 , Mary T Steffes  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 , Carol Flaten  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 , Scott Jameson  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 , John P Condon  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
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Projected Augmented Reality (P-AR) for Enhancing Nursing Education About Pressure Injury: A Pilot Evaluation Study

Donna Z Bliss et al. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2022 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Purpose: To describe results of a study evaluating a Projected Augmented Reality (P-AR) system for its potential to enhance nursing education about pressure injuries.

Design: Pilot evaluation survey.

Subjects and setting: The sample comprised nursing students and faculty at a school of nursing in a large, Midwestern public university. A total of 32 participants, which included 27 students (30% BSN, 44% MN, and 26% DNP students; 81% female) and 5 faculty members (80% female) participated.

Methods: The P-AR system was prototyped using commercial-off-the-shelf components and software algorithms, applied to pressure injury nursing education content. After interaction with the P-AR system, participants completed a survey evaluating the following features of the P-AR system for potential: engagement, effectiveness, usefulness, user-friendliness, and realism, and users' overall impression and satisfaction with system features. Evaluation statements used a 5-level Likert-scale; open-ended questions about what was liked, disliked, or anything else offered opportunity for comments.

Results: Student and faculty median evaluation scores were 5 (strongly agree or very satisfied) and 4 (agree or satisfied) for nearly all evaluation and satisfaction statements. Students' satisfaction with "realism" received a median score of 3 (neutral). The P-AR system was refined to include realistic still and animated images.

Conclusion: The P-AR system, an innovative technology using 3-dimensional dynamic images, was applied to nursing education content about pressure injury and was evaluated as having potential to enhance pressure injury teaching and learning. Education about complex processes of pressure injury development and management may benefit from using cutting-edge simulation technologies such as P-AR.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Illustration of the setup of the Projected Augmented Reality (P-AR) system
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Illustration showing capabilities of levels of Projected Augmented Reality (P-AR) relevant to pressure injury. In the first 3 panels on the left, images are from a typical mannequin without any projection, with skin projected on the mannequin front and back. Panel 4 shows a projection of the vascular system while panels 5 and 6 show the skeletal system with bony prominences with and without muscles.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
A sample animation reel of a pressure injury wound at various stages of formation created by the team
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Projected Augmented Reality (P-AR) 3-D images of various pressure injuries on different tones of skin color. Different angles of the wound as well a close up of the depth of layers can be highlighted.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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