Wide-Bandgap Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Under the groundswell of calls for the industrialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), wide-bandgap (>1.7 eV) mixed halide perovskites are equally or more appealing in comparison with typical bandgap perovskites when the former's various potential applications are taken into account. In this review, the progress of wide-bandgap organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs-concentrating on the compositional space, optimization strategies, and device performance-are summarized and the issues of phase segregation and voltage loss are assessed. Then, the diverse applications of wide-bandgap PSCs in semitransparent devices, indoor photovoltaics, and various multijunction tandem devices are discussed and their challenges and perspectives are evaluated. Finally, the authors conclude with an outlook for the future development of wide-bandgap PSCs.

Keywords: indoor photovoltaics; semitransparent perovskite solar cells; tandem solar cells; voltage loss; wide-bandgap perovskite.

Figure 1

a) X‐ray diffraction results of FAPb(I_{1− x} Br _x )₃ and FA_0.83Cs_0.17Pb(I_{1− x} Br _x )₃; b) normalized PL measured after light exposure of the MAPb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃ and FA_0.83Cs_0.17Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃ thin films; c) J–V curves for the PSCs. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 74 ]} Copyright 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science. d) E _g versus perovskite composition for Cs _x FA_{1− x} Pb(Br _y I_{1− y} )₃; PL data comparing e) FA_0.83Cs_0.17Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃ and f) FA_0.6Cs_0.4Pb(I_0.7Br_0.3)₃ perovskites. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 75 ]} Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.

Figure 2

a) Arrhenius plots extracted from admittance spectra; b) schematic of the energy barrier for ion movement in control and PEAI‐treated devices. Conducting AFM results of c) control and e) PEAI‐treated perovskite films. Schematic current paths in d) the control and f) PEAI‐treated PSCs. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 86 ]} Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. g) Schematic perovskite structure treated with different concentrations of PMABr solution. h) J–V curves of PSCs with and without PMABr treatment. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 87 ]} Copyright 2020, Elsevier B. V. i) J–V curves of PSCs with and without BABr passivation. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 88 ]} Copyright 2020, Wiley‐VCH.

Figure 3

a) V _OC and b) PCE of PSCs based on WBG perovskites; c) V _OC and d) PCE of PSCs based on 1.70–1.75 eV perovskites versus time. The detailed data are listed in Table S1, Supporting Information.

Figure 4

a) E _g versus the SQ limit under various source spectra; Reproduced with permission.^{[ 137 ]} Copyright 2021, Elsevier B. V. b) Energy band diagrams for the reference and PEAI‐deposited samples; average contact potential measured in the dark and under light for c) the reference and d) the PEAI‐deposited sample; e) I–V curves of the module using halogen light. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 148 ]} Copyright 2021, Wiley‐VCH.

Figure 5

a) Schematic structure of perovskite/Si TSCs. J–V curves of b) Cs_0.15(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.85Pb(I_0.7Br_0.3)₃/Si and d) Cs_0.15(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.85Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃/Si TSCs. EQE and total absorbance of the c) Cs_0.15(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.85Pb(I_0.7Br_0.3)₃/Si and e) Cs_0.15(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.85Pb(I_0.8Br_0.2)₃/Si TSCs. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 159 ]} Copyright 2019, Elsevier B. V.

Figure 6

a) V _OC and b) stabilized PCE versus the perovskite E _g for opaque PSCs; c) stabilized PCE of a SPSC, filtered CSSC, filtered CIGS solar cell, and the corresponding 4T TSCs (calculated). Reproduced with permission.^{[ 164 ]} Copyright 2020, Wiley‐VCH. d) Energy level alignment diagram of the SPSC; e) transmittance spectrum of the SPSC; f) J–V curves of 4T, all‐flexible, perovskite/CIGS TSCs. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 165 ]} Copyright 2020, Elsevier B. V.

Figure 7

a) Mobility and carrier lifetime versus DMA percentage; b) J–V curves of the champion DMA‐containing device; c) long‐term stability of PSCs with various DMA and Br percentages; d) cross‐sectional SEM of an all‐perovskite TSC. J–V curves for e) rigid and f) flexible all‐perovskite 2T tandem devices. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 96 ]} Copyright 2019, Elsevier B. V.

Figure 8

PCE limits of a) 4T and b) 2T TSCs; c) structure and the photon absorption distributions of TSCs; d) J _SC versus the thicknesses of front and rear subcells; e) J–V curves of the champion TSC. f) Photostability and UV sensitivity tests of TSCs and OSCs. Reproduced with permission.^{[ 191 ]} Copyright 2020, Elsevier B. V.