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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Mar 3:10:e12951.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.12951. eCollection 2022.

Titanium dioxide dental implants surfaces related oxidative stress in bone remodeling: a systematic review

Elaf Akram Abdulhameed  1   2 , Natheer H Al-Rawi  3 , Marzuki Omar  1 , Nadia Khalifa  2 , A B Rani Samsudin  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Titanium dioxide dental implants surfaces related oxidative stress in bone remodeling: a systematic review

Elaf Akram Abdulhameed et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

Background: Titanium dioxide dental implants have a controversial effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS is necessary for cellular signal transmission and proper metabolism, but also has the ability to cause cell death as well as DNA, RNA, and proteins damage by excessive oxidative stress. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of titanium dioxide dental implant-induced oxidative stress and its role on the osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in bone remodeling.

Methods: This systematic review was performed conforming to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) model. Four different databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Medline databases) as well as manual searching were adopted. Relevant studies from January 2000 till September 2021 were retrieved. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to assess the quality of the selected studies.

Results: Out of 755 articles, only 14 which met the eligibility criteria were included. Six studies found that titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) reduced oxidative stress and promoted osteoblastic activity through its effect on Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) signaling pathways. On the other hand, three studies confirmed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) induce oxidative stress, reduce ostegenesis and impair antioxidant defense system as a significant negative correlation was found between decreased SIR3 protein level and increased superoxide (O2 •-). Moreover, five studies proved that titanium implant alloy enhances the generation of ROS and induces cytotoxicity of osteoblast cells via its effect on NOX pathway.

Conclusion: TiO2NPs stimulate a wide array of oxidative stress related pathways. Scientific evidence are in favor to support the use of TiO2 nanotube-coated titanium implants to reduce oxidative stress and promote osteogenesis in bone remodeling. To validate the cellular and molecular cross talk in bone remodeling of the present review, well-controlled clinical trials with a large sample size are required.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Nanoparticles; Nanotube; Osteogenesis; ROS; TiO2.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. ROS modulation of signaling pathways in bone cells.
ROS promote bone loss by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. ROS induced bone resorption occurs directly or indirectly (increased RANKL expression) through the modulation of kinases and transcription factor activities in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Figure reprinted from Trends in Molecular Medicine, Vol 15, Wauquier F, Leotoing L, Coxam V, Guicheux J, Wittrant Y., Oxidative stress in bone remodelling and disease, 2009 Oct;15(10):468-77. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.08.004.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Summary of the systematic review workflow using PRISMA chart.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Risk bias assessment for randomized clinical trail.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Risk bias assessment for non-randomized clinical trials.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Risk of bias assessment of in vitro studies.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Schematic figure of the link between dental implant surface, presence of particles release, oxidative stress generation, antioxidant production, and their effects on bone remodeling markers.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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