Perceived helpfulness of treatment for social anxiety disorder: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Ronny Bruffaerts¹, Meredith G Harris^{2

3}, Alan E Kazdin⁴, Daniel V Vigo^{5

6}, Nancy A Sampson⁷, Wai Tat Chiu⁷, Ali Al-Hamzawi⁸, Jordi Alonso^{9

10

11}, Yasmin A Altwaijri¹², Laura Andrade¹³, Corina Benjet¹⁴, Giovanni de Girolamo¹⁵, Silvia Florescu¹⁶, Josep Maria Haro^{17

18}, Chi-Yi Hu¹⁹, Aimee Karam^{20

21}, Elie G Karam^{20

21}, Viviane Kovess-Masfety²², Sing Lee²³, John J McGrath^{3

24

25}, Fernando Navarro-Mateu²⁶, Daisuke Nishi²⁷, Siobhan O'Neill²⁸, José Posada-Villa²⁹, Kate M Scott³⁰, Margreet Ten Have³¹, Yolanda Torres³², Bogdan Wojtyniak³³, Miguel Xavier³⁴, Zahari Zarkov³⁵, Ronald C Kessler³⁶; WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators:
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy, Yasmine A Altwaijri, Jordi Alonso, Laura Helena Andrade, Lukoye Atwoli, Corina Benjet, Guilherme Borges, Evelyn J Bromet, Ronny Bruffaerts, Brendan Bunting, Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, Graça Cardoso, Somnath Chatterji, Alfredo H Cia, Louisa Degenhardt, Koen Demyttenaere, Silvia Florescu, Giovanni de Girolamo, Oye Gureje, Josep Maria Haro, Meredith G Harris, Hristo Hinkov, Chi-Yi Hu, Peter de Jonge, Aimee Nasser Karam, Elie G Karam, Norito Kawakami, Ronald C Kessler, Andrzej Kiejna, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, Sing Lee, Jean-Pierre Lepine, John J McGrath, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Zeina Mneimneh, Jacek Moskalewicz, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, Marina Piazza, Jose Posada-Villa, Kate M Scott, Tim Slade, Juan Carlos Stagnaro, Dan J Stein, Margreet Ten Have, Yolanda Torres, Maria Carmen Viana, Daniel V Vigo, Harvey Whiteford, David R Williams, Bogdan Wojtyniak

Affiliations

¹ Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
² School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Herston, Australia.
³ Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Wacol, Australia.
⁴ Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁶ Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁷ Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
⁸ College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq.
⁹ Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁰ CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
¹² Epidemiology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica-LIM 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁴ Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.
¹⁵ IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
¹⁶ National School of Public Health, Management and Development, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁷ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁹ Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health and Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
²⁰ Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon.
²² Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
²³ Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
²⁴ Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
²⁵ National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
²⁶ UDIF-SM, Servicio Murciano de Salud, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERESP-Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain.
²⁷ Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
²⁸ School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK.
²⁹ Faculty of Social Sciences, Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Bogota, Colombia.
³⁰ Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
³¹ Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands.
³² Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia.
³³ Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
³⁴ Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
³⁵ Department of Mental Health, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria.
³⁶ Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu.

PMID: 35262761
PMCID: PMC9458773
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02249-3

Perceived helpfulness of treatment for social anxiety disorder: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Ronny Bruffaerts et al. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2022 Oct.

. 2022 Oct;57(10):2079-2095.

doi: 10.1007/s00127-022-02249-3. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Authors

Collaborators

WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators:
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy, Yasmine A Altwaijri, Jordi Alonso, Laura Helena Andrade, Lukoye Atwoli, Corina Benjet, Guilherme Borges, Evelyn J Bromet, Ronny Bruffaerts, Brendan Bunting, Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, Graça Cardoso, Somnath Chatterji, Alfredo H Cia, Louisa Degenhardt, Koen Demyttenaere, Silvia Florescu, Giovanni de Girolamo, Oye Gureje, Josep Maria Haro, Meredith G Harris, Hristo Hinkov, Chi-Yi Hu, Peter de Jonge, Aimee Nasser Karam, Elie G Karam, Norito Kawakami, Ronald C Kessler, Andrzej Kiejna, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, Sing Lee, Jean-Pierre Lepine, John J McGrath, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Zeina Mneimneh, Jacek Moskalewicz, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, Marina Piazza, Jose Posada-Villa, Kate M Scott, Tim Slade, Juan Carlos Stagnaro, Dan J Stein, Margreet Ten Have, Yolanda Torres, Maria Carmen Viana, Daniel V Vigo, Harvey Whiteford, David R Williams, Bogdan Wojtyniak

Affiliations

¹ Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
² School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Herston, Australia.
³ Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Wacol, Australia.
⁴ Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁶ Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁷ Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
⁸ College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq.
⁹ Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁰ CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
¹² Epidemiology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica-LIM 23, Instituto de Psiquiatria Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁴ Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.
¹⁵ IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
¹⁶ National School of Public Health, Management and Development, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁷ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁹ Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health and Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
²⁰ Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon.
²² Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
²³ Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
²⁴ Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
²⁵ National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
²⁶ UDIF-SM, Servicio Murciano de Salud, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERESP-Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain.
²⁷ Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
²⁸ School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK.
²⁹ Faculty of Social Sciences, Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Bogota, Colombia.
³⁰ Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
³¹ Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands.
³² Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia.
³³ Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
³⁴ Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
³⁵ Department of Mental Health, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria.
³⁶ Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu.

PMID: 35262761
PMCID: PMC9458773
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02249-3

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and predictors of perceived helpfulness of treatment in persons with a history of DSM-IV social anxiety disorder (SAD), using a worldwide population-based sample.

Methods: The World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys is a coordinated series of community epidemiological surveys of non-institutionalized adults; 27 surveys in 24 countries (16 in high-income; 11 in low/middle-income countries; N = 117,856) included people with a lifetime history of treated SAD.

Results: In respondents with lifetime SAD, approximately one in five ever obtained treatment. Among these (n = 1322), cumulative probability of receiving treatment they regarded as helpful after seeing up to seven professionals was 92.2%. However, only 30.2% persisted this long, resulting in 65.1% ever receiving treatment perceived as helpful. Perceiving treatment as helpful was more common in female respondents, those currently married, more highly educated, and treated in non-formal health-care settings. Persistence in seeking treatment for SAD was higher among those with shorter delays in seeking treatment, in those receiving medication from a mental health specialist, and those with more than two lifetime anxiety disorders.

Conclusions: The vast majority of individuals with SAD do not receive any treatment. Among those who do, the probability that people treated for SAD obtain treatment they consider helpful increases considerably if they persisted in help-seeking after earlier unhelpful treatments.

Keywords: Perceived helpfulness; Social anxiety disorder; Treatment.

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References

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Perceived helpfulness of treatment for social anxiety disorder: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Collaborators

Affiliations

Perceived helpfulness of treatment for social anxiety disorder: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources