Viral Hepatitis as a Public Health Concern: A Narrative Review About the Current Scenario and the Way Forward

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is one of the emerging public health problems, which urgently needs special attention. The disease has a varied presentation at the time of diagnosis, and it can progress from an accidental finding to life-threatening conditions like liver cirrhosis. It belongs to the rare group of diseases that can cause chronic inflammation inside the body, and it can have a delayed presentation. It contributes substantially to the global burden on healthcare. In terms of mortality, the burden due to viral hepatitis is similar to that of HIV and tuberculosis. It is among the major global public health challenges along with other communicable diseases, such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis; the major difference is that there are very limited preventive models in place for viral hepatitis, especially in developing countries like India. With limited resources for diagnosis and treatment, varied levels of presentation, and a rapidly increasing burden, it can become the next silent pandemic. In the current review, the authors aimed to compile the available global strategies for combating hepatitis, protocols available for disease surveillance, and the salient points from the national program for hepatitis control in India [National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP)], and propose some recommendations. Ensuring a health facility equipped with a rapid diagnostic kit for screening, proper lab for the confirmation, robust Health Management Information System (HMIS) portal for the data management, and organizing regular workshops for physicians and lab technicians are some of the recommendations that we put forward.

Keywords: epidemiology; guidelines; india; viral hepatitis a; viral hepatitis b.