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Review
. 2022 Feb 21:9:757089.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.757089. eCollection 2021.

Revamping of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Ling-Hui Zeng  1 , Musaddique Hussain  2 , Shahzada Khurram Syed  3 , Malik Saadullah  4 , Qurratulain Jamil  5 , Ali M Alqahtani  6 , Taha Alqahtani  6 , Nadia Akram  2 , Imran Ahmad Khan  2 , Sajida Parveen  2 , Tehreem Fayyaz  2 , Mobeen Fatima  2 , Saira Shaukat  2 , Najia Shabbir  2 , Mehwish Fatima  2 , Aisha Kanwal  2 , Muhammad Qasim Barkat  1 , Ximei Wu  1
Affiliations
Review

Revamping of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Ling-Hui Zeng et al. Front Public Health. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) endure an asymmetrically high burden of worldwide disease and death caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), i.e., asthma, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). CRDs are firmly related with indigence, infectious diseases, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and add to complex multi-disease with great impact on the lives and livelihood of those affected. The pertinence of CRDs to health and demographic wellbeing is relied upon to increment in the long time ahead, as expectations of life rise and the contending dangers of right on time youth mortality and irresistible infections level. The WHO has distinguished the counteraction and control of NCDs as an earnest improvement issue and crucial for the sustainable development goals (SDSs) by 2030. In this review, we center on CRDs in LMICs. We examine the early life roots of CRDs, challenges in their avoidance, identification and administration in LMICs, and the pathways to resolve for accomplish valid widespread wellbeing inclusion.

Keywords: COPD; asthma; bronchiectasis; emphysema–pneumonia–bronchiolitis–smoking–fibrosis–histiocytosis; tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
WHO six building blocks of the health system, together with aims and desirable attributes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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