Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Feb 28:2022:3963681.
doi: 10.1155/2022/3963681. eCollection 2022.

Evaluation of Novel Tranexamic Acid/Montmorillonite Intercalation Composite, as a New Type of Hemostatic Material

Fei Ma  1 , Shujing Sui  2 , Zhiyuan Yang  1 , Tong Ye  1 , Lei Yang  1 , Peng Han  1 , Hui Gan  1 , Zhuona Wu  1 , Ruolan Gu  1 , Xiaoxia Zhu  1 , Fei Li  3   4 , Zhiyun Meng  1 , Zhiping Jiang  5 , Guifang Dou  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of Novel Tranexamic Acid/Montmorillonite Intercalation Composite, as a New Type of Hemostatic Material

Fei Ma et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Radiation enteritis-clinically manifested as diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, and so on-is frequently caused when the body is exposed to radiation or radiotherapy because the intestine is radiation-sensitive as an abdominal organ. Therefore, strategies to modulate intestinal hemostasis had inspired an important research trend in the process of preventing and treating radiation enteritis. Based on the structural characteristics of montmorillonite (MMT) and the hemostatic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) which was used clinically to treat enteritis, the tranexamic acid-montmorillonite composite material (TXA-MMT) was prepared through intercalation composite technology. According to the analysis of FTIR, XRD, TG-DTG, SEM, and XRF, the prepared TXA-MMT was verified that tranexamic acid could intercalate into layers of montmorillonite. To evaluate the biocompatibility, two experiments were conducted by in vitro hemolysis and in vitro cytotoxicity experiments and results showed that TXA-MMT exhibited good visible biocompatibility. Activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and in vitro clotting time were adopted to determine the hemostatic effect of TXA-MMT. Compared with other groups, TXA-MMT revealed a significant decrease in clotting time variations, APTT, and PT. In addition, to investigate the preventive effect of TXA-MMT by the intervention of radiation enteritis mice, inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the content of endotoxin in the serum of mice were detected. It demonstrated that TXA-MMT reduced the levels of these factors. Besides, the expression and the pathological changes of the small intestine tissue of mice were relieved. Our findings suggests that TXA-MMT as a promising intercalation composite has a great potential for application in the field of intestinal hemostasis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FTIR spectra (a) and XRD patterns (b) of MMT, TXA, and TXA-MMT, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
TG-DTG curve analysis diagram of (a) MMT, (b) TXA, and (c) TXA-MMT.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Zeta potentials of MMT, TXA, and TXA-MMT. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 3).
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images of (a, b) MMT, (c, d) TXA, and (e, f) TXA-MMT.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cytotoxic effects of the control, phenol, and TXA-MMT. Data represents the mean ± SD (n = 6).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Hemolysis rates of TXA-MMT, TXA, and MMT. (a) Data represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). (b) Photographs of RBCs treated with MMT, TXA, and TXA-MMT, respectively.
Figure 7
Figure 7
In vitro blood clotting time of the control, MMT, TXA, and TXA-MMT. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 compared with the control.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) of the control, MMT, TXA, and TXA-MMT. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 5). ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 compared with the control.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The expression of serum inflammatory factors in each group of mice (∗∗represents a highly significant difference between the two groups of data at P < 0.01; ∗represents a significant difference between the two groups of data at P < 0.05. ns: no significant difference).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Histopathological changes of mouse ileum (HE staining ×200): the (a) normal group, (b) model group, (c) montmorillonite group, and (d) tranexamic acid-montmorillonite composite material group.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The content of serum endotoxin in each group of mice (∗∗represents a highly significant difference between the two groups of data; P < 0.01).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Stacey R., Green J. T. Radiation-induced small bowel disease: latest developments and clinical guidance. Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis. . 2014;5(1):15–29. doi: 10.1177/2040622313510730. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cao D. D., Xu H. L., Xu M., Qian X. Y., Yin Z. C., Ge W. Therapeutic role of glutamine in management of radiation enteritis: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials. Oncotarget . 2017;8(18):30595–30605. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.15741. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ochiai S., Nomoto Y., Yamashita Y., et al. Roles of valproic acid in improving radiation therapy for glioblastoma: a review of literature focusing on clinical evidence. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention . 2016;17(2):463–466. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.2.463. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jensen M. M., Jia W., Isaacson K. J., et al. Silk-elastinlike protein polymers enhance the efficacy of a therapeutic glycosaminoglycan for prophylactic treatment of radiation-induced proctitis. Journal of Controlled Release . 2017;263:46–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.025. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Liu Y., Zhang C., Li Z., et al. Latexin inactivation enhances survival and long-term engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells and expands the entire hematopoietic system in mice. Stem Cell Reports . 2017;8(4):991–1004. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.009. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources