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. 2022 Jul 1;85(7):774-781.
doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000711. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Iatrogenic retroperitoneal hematoma as an access-site complication of neurointervention

Wei-An Tai  1   2 , Chia-Hung Wu  1   2   3 , Kan Ling  1   2 , Shu-Ting Chen  1   2 , Te-Ming Lin  1   2 , Hsuen-En Hwang  1   2 , Chao-Bao Luo  1   2   4 , Wan-Yuo Guo  1   2 , Feng-Chi Chang  1   2
Affiliations

Iatrogenic retroperitoneal hematoma as an access-site complication of neurointervention

Wei-An Tai et al. J Chin Med Assoc. .

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the clinical and imaging presentation, management, and outcome of iatrogenic retroperitoneal hematomas (IRPHs) during a series of neurointerventional procedures (NIPs).

Methods: Six IRPH patients with complications, including five renal subcapsular hematomas (RSH) and one retroperitoneal hemorrhage, were observed among 2290 NIPs performed at our hospital from 2000 through 2020. The medical records, neurointerventional techniques, imaging data, and management of these six IRPH patients were retrospectively reviewed. All six patients received preprocedural dual antiplatelet medication and intraprocedural heparinization.

Results: All patients underwent right femoral access. The guidewires were not handled under full course fluoroscopy monitoring. The most common symptom of IRPH was periprocedural flank/abdominal pain (6/6, 100%), including five on the left side (83.3%). Hypotension or shock was observed in three patients (50%). Two patients (33%) were diagnosed intraoperatively by sonogram and received on-site treatment, whereas the other four were diagnosed by postprocedural abdominal computed tomography. Active extravasation from a renal artery was diagnosed by angiogram in the five patients with RSH and was successfully treated with embolization. Multiple bleeders in the branches of the renal artery were noted in three RSH patients (60%). The patient with retroperitoneal hematoma was treated conservatively.

Conclusion: Unexplained periprocedural or postprocedural abdominal/flank pain, especially contralateral to the femoral access side of the NIPs, should raise the possibility of IRPH. To prevent IRPH, the authors suggest using full visual fluoroscopic monitoring for guidewire navigation during femoral catheterization of NIPs.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.

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