Polysaccharide-Drug Conjugates: A Tool for Enhanced Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most widespread deadly diseases, following cardiovascular disease, worldwide. Chemotherapy is widely used in combination with surgery, hormone and radiation therapy to treat various cancers. However, chemotherapeutic drugs can cause severe side effects due to non-specific targeting, poor bioavailability, low therapeutic indices, and high dose requirements. Several drug carriers successfully overcome these issues and deliver drugs to the desired sites, reducing the side effects. Among various drug delivery systems, polysaccharide-based carriers that target only the cancer cells have been developed to overcome the toxicity of chemotherapeutics. Polysaccharides are non-toxic, biodegradable, hydrophilic biopolymers that can be easily modified chemically to improve the bioavailability and stability for delivering therapeutics into cancer tissues. Different polysaccharides, such as chitosan, alginates, cyclodextrin, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, guar gum, pectin, and cellulose, have been used in anti-cancer drug delivery systems. This review highlights the recent progress made in polysaccharides-based drug carriers in anti-cancer therapy.

Keywords: cancer; chemotherapy; drug delivery; polysaccharides; toxicity.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the PTX–LMWC conjugate and its oral administration to tumor bearing mouse.

Figure 2

Structure of chitosan-curcumin conjugate.

Figure 3

Schematic representation of DOX-loaded nanoparticles and their administration to tumor-bearing mouse.

Figure 4

Structure of the alginate–curcumin conjugate.

Figure 5

Structure of the pectin–curcumin conjugate.

Figure 6

Schematic diagram depicting self-assembly of curcumin–dextran micelles.

Figure 7

Structure of the HA–PTX conjugate.

Figure 8

Structure of galactosylated pullan–curcumin conjugate.