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. 2022 Feb 28;14(5):1047.
doi: 10.3390/nu14051047.

Red-Fleshed Apples Rich in Anthocyanins and White-Fleshed Apples Modulate the Aorta and Heart Proteome in Hypercholesterolaemic Rats: The AppleCOR Study

Úrsula Catalán  1   2   3 , Anna Pedret  1   3 , Silvia Yuste  4 , Laura Rubió  4 , Carme Piñol  5   6 , Berner Andrée Sandoval-Ramírez  1 , Judit Companys  3 , Elisabet Foguet  7 , Pol Herrero  7 , Núria Canela  7 , Maria-Jose Motilva  8 , Rosa Solà  1   3   9
Affiliations

Red-Fleshed Apples Rich in Anthocyanins and White-Fleshed Apples Modulate the Aorta and Heart Proteome in Hypercholesterolaemic Rats: The AppleCOR Study

Úrsula Catalán et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The impact of a red-fleshed apple (RFA) rich in anthocyanins (ACNs), a white-fleshed apple (WFA) without ACNs, and an extract infusion from Aronia fruit (AI) equivalent in dose of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (main ACN) as RFA was determined by the proteome profile of aorta and heart as key cardiovascular tissues. Hypercholesterolaemic Wistar rats were separated into six groups (n = 6/group; three males and three females) and the proteomic profiles were analyzed using nanoliquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. No adverse events were reported and all products were well tolerated. RFA downregulated C1QB and CFP in aorta and CRP in heart. WFA downregulated C1QB and CFP in aorta and C9 and C3 in aorta and heart, among other proteins. AI downregulated PRKACA, IQGAP1, and HSP90AB1 related to cellular signaling. Thus, both apples showed an anti-inflammatory effect through the complement system, while RFA reduced CRP. Regardless of the ACN content, an apple matrix effect was observed that involved different bioactive components, and inflammatory proteins were reduced.

Keywords: anthocyanins; aorta and heart rat tissues; apples; phenolic compounds; proteomics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A Venn diagram is shown of the common differentially expressed proteins compared across the different treatments. (A) Aorta, and (B) heart tissue. SCD, standard chow diet; HFD, high-fat diet; HFD + R, HFD + red-fleshed apple; HFD + W, HFD + white-fleshed apple; HFD + A, HFD + Aronia (anthocyanin-rich extract); HFD + Atorv, HFD + Atorvastatin. The common proteins up- (↑) or downregulated (↓) by the different treatments are shown in the diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Network of neurological, haematological and cardiovascular disease systems showing the differentially expressed proteins in Wistar rat heart and aorta tissues after HFD + white-fleshed apple treatment. Proteins are represented in red or green if the proteins are up- or downregulated, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Network of energy production, cellular function and maintenance, and posttranslational modifications showing the differentially expressed proteins in Wistar rat heart and aorta tissues after HFD + Aronia (anthocyanin-rich extract) treatment. Proteins are represented in red or green if the proteins are up- or downregulated, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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