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. 2022 Feb 25;15(5):1755.
doi: 10.3390/ma15051755.

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Composite Theragnostics by Nano Spray Drying

Caio José Perecin  1   2 , Xavier Pierre Marie Gratens  3 , Valmir Antônio Chitta  3 , Patrícia Leo  2 , Adriano Marim de Oliveira  2 , Sérgio Akinobu Yoshioka  1 , Natália Neto Pereira Cerize  2
Affiliations

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Composite Theragnostics by Nano Spray Drying

Caio José Perecin et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Composites of magnetite nanoparticles encapsulated with polymers attract interest for many applications, especially as theragnostic agents for magnetic hyperthermia, drug delivery, and magnetic resonance imaging. In this work, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation and encapsulated with different polymers (Eudragit S100, Pluronic F68, Maltodextrin, and surfactants) by nano spray drying technique, which can produce powders of nanoparticles from solutions or suspensions. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy images showed that the bare magnetite nanoparticles have 10.5 nm, and after encapsulation, the particles have approximately 1 μm, with size and shape depending on the material's composition. The values of magnetic saturation by SQUID magnetometry and mass residues by thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the magnetic content in the materials, related to their magnetite/polymer ratios. Zero-field-cooling and field-cooling (ZFC/FC) measurements showed how blocking temperatures of the powders of the composites are lower than that of bare magnetite, possibly due to lower magnetic coupling, being an interesting system to study magnetic interactions of nanoparticles. Furthermore, studies of cytotoxic effect, hydrodynamic size, and heating capacity for hyperthermia (according to the application of an alternate magnetic field) show that these composites could be applied as a theragnostic material for a non-invasive administration such as nasal.

Keywords: composites; magnetic hyperthermia; magnetic nanoparticles; nano spray drying; superparamagnetism; theragnostic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images (a,b) and X ray diffractometry (XRD) (c) of the sample of bare magnetite Mag, with standard magnetite JCPDS 01-1111.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of MP-SD (a,b), ME-SD (c,d), M3E-SD (e,f), and MMT-SD (g,h) samples.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of MP-SD (a), ME-SD (b), M3E-SD (b), and MMT-SD (c), compared to their constituent polymers and magnetite Mag.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) results of weight (%) with respect to temperature (°C) of samples ME-SD, M3E-SD (a), and MP-SD (b) in comparison to pure magnetite (Mag) and the polymers used Eudragit S100 and Pluronic.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hysteresis loops by M vs. H measurements at 1.7 K (a) and 300 K (b), with insets around H = 0 kOe.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Zero-field-cooling and Field-cooling (ZFC/FC) measurements (magnetization vs. temperature) of the samples with the indication of the respective blocking temperature (TB).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Hyperthermia results of temperature variation (ΔT) versus time of sample MP-SD, under magnetic field of 100 kHz and 25 mT.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Viability of HeLa, HepG2, and 929 cell lines in contact with different concentrations of samples Mag (a), MP-SD (b), MMT-SD (c), and M3E-SD (d).
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