. 2022 Mar 1;15(5):1844.

doi: 10.3390/ma15051844.

The Effect of ZnO, MgO, TiO₂, and Na₂O Modifiers on the Physical, Optical, and Radiation Shielding Properties of a TeTaNb Glass System

Khalid I Hussein^{1

2}, Mohammed S Alqahtani^{1

3}, Khloud J Alzahrani¹, Fawaz F Alqahtani⁴, Heba Y Zahran^{5

6

7

8}, Ali M Alshehri⁵, Ibrahim S Yahia^{5

6

7

8}, Manuela Reben⁹, El Sayed Yousef^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Medical Physics and Instrumentation, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Medani 2667, Sudan.
³ BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
⁴ Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-Medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Metallurgical Lab. 2 Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt.
⁸ Laboratory of Nano-Smart Materials for Science and Technology (LNSMST), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.

PMID: 35269073
PMCID: PMC8911590
DOI: 10.3390/ma15051844

The Effect of ZnO, MgO, TiO₂, and Na₂O Modifiers on the Physical, Optical, and Radiation Shielding Properties of a TeTaNb Glass System

Khalid I Hussein et al. Materials (Basel). 2022.

. 2022 Mar 1;15(5):1844.

doi: 10.3390/ma15051844.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Medical Physics and Instrumentation, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Medani 2667, Sudan.
³ BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
⁴ Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-Medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Metallurgical Lab. 2 Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt.
⁸ Laboratory of Nano-Smart Materials for Science and Technology (LNSMST), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.

PMID: 35269073
PMCID: PMC8911590
DOI: 10.3390/ma15051844

Abstract

Novel glass samples with the composition 75TeO₂-5Ta₂O₅-15Nb₂O₅-5x (where x = ZnO, MgO, TiO₂, or Na₂O) in mole percent were prepared. The physical, optical, and gamma radiation shielding properties of the glass samples were studied over a wide energy spectrum ranging between 0.015 and 20 MeV. The glasses' UV-vis spectra were utilized to evaluate the optical energy gap and refractive index. Glass samples had a refractive index ranging from 2.2005 to 2.0967. The results showed that the sample doped with zinc oxide (ZnO) recorded the highest density (ρ_glass), molar polarizability (α_m), molar refraction (Rm), refractive index (n), and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ³) and the lowest optical energy gap (E_opt) among the samples under investigation. When comparing the current glass system with various standard glass shielding materials, the prepared glass system showed superior shielding performance at energies ranging between 40 and 85 keV. These findings indicate that the prepared glass systems can be used in diagnostic X-rays, especially in dental applications.

Keywords: LAC; MAC; PRE; metal oxide; molar polarizability; optical energy gap; refractive index.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
The experimental setup used for measuring the shielding parameters of the prepared samples.

**Figure 2**
XRD chart of prepared glasses.

**Figure 3**
Optical absorption spectra of TeTaNb (Zn, Mg, Ti, Na) glasses.

**Figure 4**
(a) Plot of (*αhv*)^1/2 as a function of the photon energy (hv) of prepared glasses; (b) Plot of ln(α) as a function of the photon energy (hv) of prepared glasses.

**Figure 5**
The measured and theoretical shielding parameters for TeTaNbZn glass samples at 59.5, 622, 1170, and 1330 keV: (a) MAC; (b) LAC; (c) HVL; (d) MFP.

**Figure 6**
MAC values of TeTaNb (Zn, Mg, Ti, Na) glasses.

**Figure 7**
LAC values of TeTaNb (Zn, Mg, Ti, Na) glasses.

**Figure 8**
The half-value layer (HVL) of TeTaNb (Zn, Mg, Ti, Na) glasses.

**Figure 9**
The mean free path (MFP) of TeTaNb (Zn, Mg, Ti, Na) glasses.

**Figure 10**
The effective atomic numbers of TeTaNb (Zn, Mg, Ti, Na) glasses.

**Figure 11**
The elective electron densities (*N_eff*) of the chosen glass systems.

**Figure 12**
*RPE*% of prepared glasses as a function of radiation energy.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Hussein K.I., Alqahtani M.S., Grelowska I., Reben M., Afifi H., Zahran H., Yaha I.S., Yousef E.S. Optically transparent glass modified with metal oxides for X-rays and gamma rays shielding material. J. X-ray Sci. Technol. 2021;29:331–345. doi: 10.3233/XST-200780. - DOI - PubMed
1. Alqahtani M.S., Almarhaby A.M., Hussein K.I., AbouDeif Y.M., Afifi H., Zahran H., Yaha I.S., Grelowska I., Yousef E. Radiation attenuation and photoluminescence properties of host tellurite glasses doped with Er3+ ions. J. Instrum. 2021;16:P01002. doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/01/P01002. - DOI
1. Alqahtani A.M.S., Massoud E.E., Yahaa I.S., Yousef E.S. An evaluation of the radiation protection characteristics of prototyped oxide glasses utilising Phy-X/PSD software. J. Instrum. 2020;15:P08005.
1. Rammah Y.S., Al-Buriahi M.S., El-Agawany F.I., AbouDeif Y.M., Yousef E.S. Investigation of mechanical features and gamma-ray shielding efficiency of ternary TeO2-based glass systems containing Li2O, Na2O, K2O, or ZnO. Ceram. Int. 2020;46:27561. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.07.248. - DOI
1. Rammah Y.S., El-Agawany F.I., Abu El Soad A.M., Yousef E., El-Mesady I.A. Ionizing radiation attenuation competences of gallium germanate-tellurite glasses utilizing MCNP5 simulation code and Phy-X/PSD program. Ceram. Int. 2020;46:22766. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.043. - DOI

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The Effect of ZnO, MgO, TiO₂, and Na₂O Modifiers on the Physical, Optical, and Radiation Shielding Properties of a TeTaNb Glass System

Affiliations

The Effect of ZnO, MgO, TiO₂, and Na₂O Modifiers on the Physical, Optical, and Radiation Shielding Properties of a TeTaNb Glass System

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Miscellaneous