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. 2022 Mar 3;12(5):862.
doi: 10.3390/nano12050862.

Magnetic Field Sensing Based on Whispering Gallery Mode with Nanostructured Magnetic Fluid-Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fiber

Chencheng Zhang  1 , Shengli Pu  1   2 , Zijian Hao  1 , Boyu Wang  1 , Min Yuan  1 , Yuxiu Zhang  1
Affiliations

Magnetic Field Sensing Based on Whispering Gallery Mode with Nanostructured Magnetic Fluid-Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fiber

Chencheng Zhang et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

A kind of novel and compact magnetic field sensor has been proposed and investigated experimentally. The proposed sensor consists of a tapered single mode fiber coupled with a nanostructured magnetic fluid-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber, which is easy to be fabricated. The response of magnetic fluid to magnetic field is used to measure the intensity of magnetic field via whispering gallery mode. The magnetic field-dependent shift in resonance wavelength is observed. The maximum magnetic field intensity sensitivity is 53 pm/mT. The sensor sensitivity is inversely proportional to the thickness of the photonic crystal fiber cladding.

Keywords: fiber sensor; magnetic field sensor; magnetic fluid; microcavity resonator; whispering gallery mode.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Schematic diagram of the PCF infiltrated with nanostructured magnetic fluid coupled with a tapered microfiber. (b) Mode field distributions in x-y plane. (c) Micrograph of PCF before being infiltrated. (d) Micrograph of PCF after being infiltrated and corroded.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic of experimental setup for investigating the sensing properties. SMF: single mode fiber, PCF: photonic crystal fiber, OSA: optical spectrum analyzer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Transmission spectra of the sensing structure when the coupling region is immersed in glycerin solution of different refractive indices.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Schematic of magnetic nanoparticles within magnetic fluid under zero magnetic field. (b) Schematic of magnetic nanoparticle columns within magnetic fluid under applied magnetic field. (c) Magnetic nanoparticle column distribution in PCF.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Transmission spectra at different magnetic field intensities for the PCF microcavity with diameter of 67 μm. The magnetic field strength is in the range of (a) 0 to 1.8 mT and (b) 2.1 to 14 mT.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Transmission spectra at different magnetic field intensities for the PCF microcavity with diameter of 75 μm. The magnetic field strength is in the range of (a) 0.3 to 1.8 mT and (b) 2.2 to 14 mT.
Figure 7
Figure 7
WGM resonant wavelength as a function of applied magnetic field for the PCF microcavity with diameter of d = 67 and 75 μm, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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