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. 2022 Feb 27;19(5):2768.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19052768.

Trends in the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hospitalizations

Kalaimani Elango  1 , Mayuri Mudgal  2 , Swetha Murthi  3 , Prashanth Reddy Yella  4 , Savan Nagrecha  5 , Vedhapriya Srinivasan  6 , Vijaykumar Sekar  7 , Maria Koshy  8 , Sathishkumar Ramalingam  9 , Kulothungan Gunasekaran  10
Affiliations

Trends in the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hospitalizations

Kalaimani Elango et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study’s objective was to assess temporal trends in PCP epidemiology among hospitalized patients with HIV/AIDS in the US and to compare data for hospitalizations with HIV with PCP to those without PCP. Methods: The national inpatient sample (NIS) data were analyzed from 2002−2014. The discharge coding identified hospitalized patients with HIV or AIDS and with or without PCP. Results: We identified 3,011,725 hospitalizations with HIV/AIDS during the study period; PCP was present in 5% of the patients with a diagnosis of HIV. The rates of PCP progressively declined from 6.7% in 2002 to 3.5 % in 2014 (p < 0.001). Overall mortality in patients with HIV was 3.3% and was significantly higher in those with PCP than without PCP (9.9% vs. 2.9%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for demographics and other comorbidities, PCP had higher odds of hospital mortality 3.082 (OR 3.082; 95% CI, 3.007 to 3.159; p < 0.001). Conclusion: From 2002 to 2014, the rate of PCP in HIV patients has decreased significantly in the United States but is associated with substantially higher mortality.

Keywords: HIV; PCP; Pneumocystis jirovecii; Pneumocystis pneumonia; antiretroviral therapy; epidemiology; human immunodeficiency virus; opportunistic infection; pneumonia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends of hospitalization Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV (a) and HIV admissions in general (b) 2002–2014.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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