Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Mar 5;22(5):2030.
doi: 10.3390/s22052030.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Healthy Adults-Possible Applications in Health Care, Wellness, and Sports

Roman Holzer  1 , Wilhelm Bloch  1 , Christian Brinkmann  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Healthy Adults-Possible Applications in Health Care, Wellness, and Sports

Roman Holzer et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems were primarily developed for patients with diabetes mellitus. However, these systems are increasingly being used by individuals who do not have diabetes mellitus. This mini review describes possible applications of CGM systems in healthy adults in health care, wellness, and sports.

Results: CGM systems can be used for early detection of abnormal glucose regulation. Learning from CGM data how the intake of foods with different glycemic loads and physical activity affect glucose responses can be helpful in improving nutritional and/or physical activity behavior. Furthermore, states of stress that affect glucose dynamics could be made visible. Physical performance and/or regeneration can be improved as CGM systems can provide information on glucose values and dynamics that may help optimize nutritional strategies pre-, during, and post-exercise.

Conclusions: CGM has a high potential for health benefits and self-optimization. More scientific studies are needed to improve the interpretation of CGM data. The interaction with other wearables and combined data collection and analysis in one single device would contribute to developing more precise recommendations for users.

Keywords: CGM; application; continuous glucose monitoring; health care; healthy adults; lifestyle; nutrition; physical activity; sports; wearable.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

C.B. is a member of the Abbott Advisory Board. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of different potential continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) applications in healthy adults.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Heinemann L., Deiss D., Siegmund T., Schlüter S., Naudorf M., Sengbusch S.V., Lange K., Freckmann G. Glucose Measurement and Control in Patients with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 2019;127:S8–S26. doi: 10.1055/a-1018-9090. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Clarke S.F., Foster J.R. A History of Blood Glucose Meters and Their Role in Self-Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus. Br. J. Biomed. Sci. 2012;69:83–93. doi: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12002443. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Villena Gonzales W., Mobashsher A.T., Abbosh A. The Progress of Glucose Monitoring—A Review of Invasive to Minimally and Non-Invasive Techniques, Devices and Sensors. Sensors. 2019;19:800. doi: 10.3390/s19040800. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Benjamin E.M. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: The Basics. Clin. Diabetes. 2002;20:45–47. doi: 10.2337/diaclin.20.1.45. - DOI
    1. American Diabetes Association 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:71–80. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S007. - DOI - PubMed