Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar 10;17(3):e0264943.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264943. eCollection 2022.

Development of a predictive model for vitamin D deficiency based on the vitamin D status in young Japanese women: A study protocol

Akiko Kuwabara  1 , Eiji Nakatani  2 , Naoko Tsugawa  3 , Hideaki Nakajima  4 , Satoshi Sasaki  5 , Kenichi Kohno  6 , Kazuhiro Uenishi  7 , Masaru Takenaka  8 , Kyoko Takahashi  9 , Akihiro Maeta  9 , Nobuko Sera  10 , Kaori Kaimoto  11 , Masako Iwamoto  12 , Hisaya Kawate  12 , Mayumi Yoshida  13 , Kiyoshi Tanaka  14
Affiliations

Development of a predictive model for vitamin D deficiency based on the vitamin D status in young Japanese women: A study protocol

Akiko Kuwabara et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with an increased risk for lifestyle-related diseases. In Japan, VDD is quite prevalent in all age groups, with its high risk in young women. Furthermore, its association during pregnancy with gestational hypertension and low birth weight has also been reported. VDD can be diagnosed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, which, however, is not suited for screening. Therefore, we will create a predictive model for serum 25(OH)D concentration and prevalence of VDD based on such data as region, sun exposure habit, and vitamin D intake in young women.

Methods: From 2020 to 2022, we conduct a cross-sectional study of 600 young women in four regions of Japan, identify the indices associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as sun exposure habits, habitual vitamin D intake, ultraviolet-B irradiation, seasons (summer and winter) and latitude, and construct prediction models for serum 25(OH)D concentrations and VDD risk. This study has been registered with UMIN-CTR (ID: UMIN000041527).

Results: One hundred and fifteen subjects have been collected from 6 institutions in winter as of May 2021. When data from more than 200 subjects have become available, we will conduct the interim analysis, summarize the data by region and facility, review the inclusion criteria for analysis, and check for missing values and outliers. Prediction models for serum 25(OH)D concentration and VDD will be determined in the final analysis when all cases have been collected.

Conclusions: A screening tool for VDD risk to be developed in our study based on the predictive model would help the public and medical professionals prevent lifestyle-related diseases through improving VDD. Additionally, the results may serve as the scientific basis for determining the appropriate vitamin D intake and sun exposure standards.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Prefectures and their latitudes included in this study.
Prefectures included in the study are indicated by points. The figure created by Authors based on map of Japan (Source: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan website (https://maps.gsi.go.jp/#6/38.125915/135.307617/&base=blank&ls=blank&disp=1&lcd=blank&vs=c0j0h0k0l0u0t0z0r0s0m0f0&d=m).
Fig 2
Fig 2. The study schedule in each season.
A cross-sectional study is conducted for 600 young women in four regions (Hokkaido/Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu/Kinki/Shikoku, and Kyushu/Okinawa) of Japan from 2020 to 2022. This study is performed twice in the summer (June to September) and in the winter (December to February) in each region. The figure describes the study schedule in each season.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Allan GM, Cranston L, Lindblad A, McCormack J, Kolber MR, Garrison S, et al.. A Narrative Review Examining the Evidence for Ten Beliefs. J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31: 780–791. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3645-y - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Institute of Medicine: Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011. - PubMed
    1. Tomlinson PB, Joseph C, Angioi M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on upper and lower body muscle strength levels in healthy individuals. A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18: 575–580. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.022 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, Dubnov-Raz G, et al.. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2019;23: 1–44. doi: 10.3310/hta23020 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hattangdi-Haridas SR, Lanham-New SA, Wong WHS, Ho MHK, Darling AL. Vitamin D Deficiency and Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Disease Severity in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Adults and Children. Nutrients. 2019;11: 1854. doi: 10.3390/nu11081854 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Associated data